Run Lola Run free essay sample

The 1998 film ‘Run Lola Run’ directed by Tom Tykwer uses visual techniques to convey messages to the audience and involve the audience in the experiences that the images create. The use of a variety of techniques create distinctively visual images that are both memorable and unique, they feature visuals that are highly distinctive. With the use of techniques including symbolism, characterisation, animation and camera techniques, Tykwer explores and conveys ideas about the nature of love, subjectivity and inescapabilty of time and the absurdity of chance events.Tykwer portrays the distinctively visual images of Lola running, the red filter scenes, animated sequences and the split screens. ‘The Highwayman’ by Alfred Noyes, also utilizes distinctively visual imagery in the areas of setting, symbolism and characterisation to explore similar ideas about love and fate. Tykwer’s post-modern film is both important and influential that is remarkable for its use of a variety of innovative techniques, such as a non-linear narrative and a combination of animation ad traditional film styles. We will write a custom essay sample on Run Lola Run or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The distinctively visual image of Lola running is formed through the use of characterisation and camera shots. The image of Lola running sticks with the audience and reoccurs throughout the entire film. Lola’s red hair and youthful, urban dress illustrates a unique character. Her red hair symbolises the passion she lives with, her pants and shoes look industrial, suggesting she is resilient and strong. Her belly and tattoo being exposed indicates a carefree confidence. The tracking shot engages the audience in scenes of Lola running, it creates a sense of speed and urgency.The camera tracks in various angles, often mid-shot and side-on, this particular shot type enables the audience to be â€Å"carried along† by Lola’s momentum, thus, feeling the energy and determinism of Lola. Tykwer often cuts to close-ups of Lola’s face while she is running; shot from front-on, doing so shows Lola’s determined expression. An example of this is seen in the first run when Lola runs across the train bridge. With the use of characterisation Alfred Noyes creates a very distinctive character in ‘The Highwayman’. The Highwayman wears a â€Å"French cocked hat†, a â€Å"claret velvet coat†, â€Å"perfect fitted breeches† and rides â€Å"with a jeweled twinkle†. This characterisation of the Highwayman creates an image of a romantic hero which is both unique and distinctively visual. The red filter scenes contrast so greatly with the rest of the film making them distinctively visual. The techniques used during the red filter scenes also result in a distinctively visual image. Tykwer uses medium-close ups, symbolism and bathes the setting in red light.The majority of the scenes are made up of medium-close ups; the use of these shots assists the audience in determining the characters’ feelings and emotions. For example Manni’s frustration in the first red filter scene. A red filter is used by Tykwer in the two scenes to create a red light on both Lola and Manni. The red colouring connotes the love and passion, binding the two characters together. The red also symbolises the danger present in their relationship through the involvement in the criminal world. Colours can be used to evoke certain feelings and emotions.Throughout the poem Noyes refers to the colour red. The colour red often connotes love and danger. In regards to the poem the colours red connotes love the love between the Highwayman and Bess, portrayed in the line â€Å"plaiting a dark red love-knot into her long black hair†. Red also represents the danger of King George’s men, â€Å"the redcoat troops came marching†. With the use of symbolism Noyes creates distinctively visual elements throughout the poem by relating the colour red to certain experiences or emotions.Noyes employs the use of metaphors to create mental images and set moods or atmospheres. In the opening stanza of ‘The Highwayman’ Noyes’s use of metaphors introduce the setting of the poem. It creates an omnious and foreboding atmosphere. The use of the metaphor: â€Å"the wind was a torrent of darkness† as the opening line provides an intense beginning to the poem and a distinctive mental image. The three animated scenes contrast so greatly with the rest of the film, the fact that they are animated makes them unique, and thus distinctively visual. The animated sequences emphasise the theme of chance as they cause the audience to focus more on the variances between the three runs. All three of the animated scenes have Lola running down what looks like a never ending spiral staircase, the spiral representing time and confusion. The spiral images reoccur throughout the entire film constantly reminded the audience of the idea of chance and time. The part that varies in each animated scene is the encounter with the â€Å"hoodlum† with his dog. Each encounter with the hoodlum gives the audience a hint of upcoming events.Tykwer’s use of animation and foreshadowing creates distinctive scenes that catch the audience’s attention. In the scene of the split screens including Manni, Lola and the clock, Tykwer uses slow motion mid-shots and soundtrack to create a scene that depicts the ideas of both the nature of love and the inescapability of time. Manni and Lola share the split screen, Manni looks to his left and Lola runs from the right to left. This illustrates the love between the couple and the dedication Lola has for Manni – here Tykwer invites the audience to consider the nature of love.An image of the clock appears at the bottom of the screen. This involves the idea of time, bringing it to the forefront. It plays the role of a third character in the film. We are never allowed to forget the relentless pressure of time that Lola and Manni face. Bringing the three main elements together in one screen helps increase tension. The scene builds to a climax as the audience see that their joint dedication has almost brought them together physically, however they are still controlled despite their devotion and energy by time.Tykwer conveys the nature of love, the absurdity of chance events and the subjectivity and inescapability of time through a number of distinctively visual scenes. He uses a variety of techniques to create unique scenes of Lola running, the red filtered scenes and the animated sequence. The use of these techniques engages the audience with the film and conveys the messages Tykwer aims to deliver. ‘The Highwayman’ by Alfred Noyes, also utilizes distinctively visual imagery in the areas of setting, symbolism and characterisation to explore similar ideas about love and fate.

Projectile range and projectile motion Essays

Projectile range and projectile motion Essays Projectile range and projectile motion Paper Projectile range and projectile motion Paper As we all know ski jumping is a worldwide sport in which athletes skate down a slope ramp, gaining speed that throws them in the air that makes them land some distance away. The distance travelled at the time when the jumper leaves the ramp, until he reaches the ground is known as the jump range. This interesting and challenging sport involves a lot of physics behind it. Kinetic energy, gravitational potential energy, motion, speed, height, time, distance and the athletes ability to reduce air resistance to their body are all factors that determine the athletes performance. This experiment represents a ski jumping slope through which we will investigate and demonstrate how physics can be used by ski jumpers to increase their range in the jump. Aim: My aim of this experiment is to explore the relationship between the launch height and the range of the jump. I will use the my knowledge of physics knowing that gravitational potential energy can be converted into kinetic energy and using the equations ? Egrav = mg? h for gravitational potential energy and Ek = 1/2 mv2 for the kinetic energy to work out the relationship between height, velocity and the range of the projectile. Hypothesis I predict that the higher ramp, the higher the velocity therefore an increase in range. Null Hypothesis There will be no relationship found between the height of the ramp, velocity and the range of the projectile. Rationale The displacement, velocity and acceleration of the projectile are all vectors. The forces of the projectile motion can be treated separately, so they can be resolved into horizontal and vertical components. They are independent of each other; that is, neither motion affects the other. We can label these components x and y. The horizontal component can be represented as Vx and the vertical component as Vy. Vx = V cos ? Vy = V sin ? The projectile/ball baring will be dropped from the top of the ramp giving the projectile gravitational potential energy. We can work out the gravitational potential energy by using ? Egrav = mg? h as we know the mass of the projectile, gravitational effect and the height at which the projectile is launched. As the projectile travels down the ramp it will be affected by air resistance and friction, however in this experiment we will ignore these factors. The point at which the projectile starts moving down the ramp, the gravitational potential energy converts into kinetic energy allowing it to accelerate off the ramp and into the air. We can use the equation Ek = 1/2 mv2 to work out the kinetic energy. Ignoring air resistance and friction, we know that the gravitational potential energy at the top of the ramp will equal the kinetic energy when it leaves at the bottom. This experiment involves me looking at the relationship between the height and the range of the projectile. In theory by changing the height I am changing the velocity of the projectile and so therefore the range will be affected. By re-arranging the equation Ek = 1/2 mv2 we can work out the velocity of the ball baring, 2Ek/m = v2 then do V v2 = v. This can also be simplified to give V (2mgh) /m = v. The m cancels which will leave us with V = V (2gh). We can then use the equation V = Distance/Time which will give the theoretical horizontal value. We can re-arrange this equation to give us the distance, Distance = Velocity x Time. This is the horizontal component. Changing the vertical height of the drop from the ramp would vary the range. This is because according to the law of energy, it cannot be made or destroyed but transferred. To apply this law into this practical, we can say all of the gravitational potential energy is converted into kinetic energy assuming no energy is wasted. As a result, gravitational portential energy is equal to kinetic energy.

Leadership style Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Leadership style - Essay Example Transformational leadership occurs when the leader broadens and elevates the followers’ interest and stirs the followers to look beyond their own interest for the good of others (Shermerhorn & Hunt & Osborn, 2003. p. 301). President Obama could be considered a transformational leader. Four characteristics of transformational leaders are idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individual consideration (Thompson, 2009). In my workplace I have seen how managers have applied different leadership styles in order to motivate employees to achieve higher levels of performance. Different managers within the organization used alternate leadership styles. The company’s general manager is a very outgoing person whose actions inspire the entire staff. His leader style could be categorized as being a transformational leader. One of my supervisors only cares about the operating results. On the few instances this supervisor has spoken to me it has been to provide criticism and exaggerate things. Despite her lack of personality the supervisor gets the job done. Her leadership style can be classified as a transactional leader. Transactional leaders involve leader-follower exchanges necessary for achieving routine performance agreed upon among the leaders and the followers (Schermerhorn, et. al., 2003, p. 301). After a corporate restructuring a few years ago at my workplace the managers wanted to changed the corporate culture. The executives believed that applying a new leadership style was a good initiative that would help deal implement change. The leadership chosen was House’s path-goal theory. The used of this leadership theory requires for the leader to adjust his / her behavior to support situational contingencies. There are four types of leadership that can be applied with the use of House path-goal. The four types of leaderships are directive, supportive, achievement-oriented,

The Tourism Industry of Dubai Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Tourism Industry of Dubai - Essay Example Dubai is known internationally as one of the premier tourist destinations of the world, especially among the high-income and elite group of tourists. It is also regarded as one of the richest places in the world where Dubai is always desired for mass tourism. There is apparently an endless variety of vacation opportunities in this part of the world with positive intervention and support from both government and industries. Notably, the government of UAE aims at developing Dubai as the chief tourist destinations in the world, making use of its unique tourism features operating as a differentiated tourist hub and thus obtaining the competitive advantages of almost no close substitutes. The place is considered as the jewel of UAE because of the fact that it offers luxury, sumptuousness and outstanding facilities to the tourists with a magnificent blend of tradition and modern cultures. It has been observed that outstanding hotels, shopping malls, and skyscrapers are the well-known chara cteristics of Dubai. It has been further viewed that Dubai offers great opportunities and verities for all potential tourists in accordance with the taste of the people visiting the city. It has also been noted that the shopping malls of Emirates situated in this place provide a variety of options to the customers from fashion to home furnishing. Furthermore, Dubai also focuses on developing its sports tourism industry sector facilitating various sports through Ski Dubai resort and other similar amenities (Henderson, 2006).... Gigantism engaging huge amounts of money had been the vision of tourism in Dubai owing to which many prominent projects of tourism development have raised significant threat to the scarcity of natural resources. Apart from environmental threats, the city is also affected by regular governmental intervention from the national and international levels, which is often termed as the ‘War Zone’. It is worth mentioning in this context that US military forces had been operating in Dubai, using the city as a vital base to perform spying activities on Iran, which has significantly influenced tourism rates within the city. Money laundering has also been a mostly debated issue in Dubai. Moreover, Dubai is also criticised for the slavery related issues. Behind the ultra modern and luxurious hotels of the city, there lies a dark world where slavery is still being practiced. Issues related to forced labour are also seemed to be quite significant in the city. Irrespective of such issue s, Dubai had been able to maintain its peace avoiding any considerable terrorist attacks and rendering due scope to attract a variety of tourists from around the world (Davis, 2007; Keane & McGeehan, 2008). Emphasising these characteristics of the tourism market in Dubai, the paper would intend to evaluate the extent to which the city deciphers or rather illustrates the features of modern urban tourism. The intention of the paper will be thus concentrated on connoting if Dubai presents a new paradigm of urban tourism. Discussion Illustration of Dubai as a Tourist Place Dubai is known internationally as one of the premier tourist destinations of the world, especially among the

Nanosolar Solar Panel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Nanosolar Solar Panel - Essay Example Nanosolar will increase the value of its products for all its stakeholder by going global. For the same manufacturing and Research and Development expenses, it will be able to widen its market. The best strategy is to penetrate a country that is underexplored by solar panel manufacturers. By using export mode, Nanosolar will be able to maximize current investment. The mobility of its panels will make it easy to transport. Nanosolar may continue manufacturing its products in its current location and ship it to the country of choice. Introduction: Company Background Nanosolar is a revolutionary solar panel created by a startup company who got their initial funding from Silicon Valley venture capitalists (VC). True to the reputation of young Silicon Valley technology developers, Nanosolar is radically different from other solar panels such as Sunpower and Evergreen. This solar panel is as thin as newspapers, foldable, flexible and very light. This makes it a non-intrusive technology. Ot her solar panels need to be incorporated in the construction of buildings or houses or would require major construction to be installed. Nanosolar’s size, lightness, and flexibility make it easier to be installed. Any existing homeowners can buy this solar panel and install it with minor repairs (LaMonica 2008, 41). The company originated in Chicago but has expanded its operation in the United Kingdom. In fact, their first major contract was in Germany instead of the U.S. Nanosolar continues to develop its technology to improve the amount of heat it converts to energy and make solar electricity cost as affordable as conventional electricity. They are now officially the world’s most affordable solar panel and also the most profitable for the stakeholders of the company and efficient for the consumers of the product. Its superior technology and even more superior market positioning also give it the potential to be a truly global product. It is the only solar panel on the market that is possible to be shipped through conventional consumer courier. It is the framework that makes Nanosolar’s entry into the foreign market not only practical but logical. It will maximize the current investment by capturing a larger market. Main Report Motives for Internationalization The strongest reason for internationalization is the value it promises to its shareholder. The most obvious is the additional revenue it will generate using existing resources (Friedman 1970, 32). Nanosolar is the only one of its kind in the market that is easy to transport because of its flexibility. It renders the setting up of a manufacturing plant unnecessary. Companies who expand to foreign markets are forced to open a manufacturing plant in or near the market they want to penetrate. This equates to bigger investments which lengthens the returns to the stakeholder (Hollensen 2011, 231).

Reasons for Nurses Leaving the Profession

Reasons for Nurses Leaving the Profession Formative Assignment Student Number 16068177 Strachota et al. (2003) carried out a qualitative study involving 84 nurses across 3 hospitals exploring the reasons nurses left or changed status of employment with their organization. Purposive sampling method was used to recruit nurses who fit the above criteria and worked less than 9 months.ÂÂ   The authors conducted phone interview with the use of script as guide followed by open-ended questions. In this case, a pilot interview involving 38 nurses was conducted to examine the recording responses. However, the practice of pilot interview is uncommon in the study using interview technique. Having said that, pilot test on questions use in an interview can be considered useful especially for novice researcher as it helps to examine the possible response. According to Sapsford et al. (2006) researcher will be able to work out a set of code and response categories if the full set of replies are covered by pilot interview as it explores the whole range of possible responses from t he respondents. Finally, thematic analysis from this study showed that hours worked was the main reason that caused nurses to resign. On the other hand, Abdul Rahman et al. (2015) suggested that employees behavior and attitudes associate with turnover of employees and employed a quantitative research which investigated factors of job satisfaction. The randomized samples contained 179 nurses whose age ranged from 21 to 40 years old. Using factor analysis, this study concluded that work environment includes workers benefit, professional advancement, support from colleague and managerial level are factors affecting job satisfactions. Nevertheless, a research by Tao et al. (2015) argued that the relationship of job satisfaction and job turnover depends on commitment level of an individual. Indeed nurses level of commitment is believed to be age-related (Benligiray et al. 2011). Young and experienced nurses make different career decision as experience nurses perceive rewards as an ongoing process. Therefore, older nurses may encounter the same amount of dissatisfaction but willing to stay on. Similarly, generational factors in job turnover studied in 2007 by Takase et al. concluded that nurses in different age group differ in needs thus reason to resign. Diversity of age, ethnic, gender and education of nurses cause values variation (Crook, M et al. 2003). In conclusion, values, needs and attitudes of an individual are influenced by social demography factors. Thus reasons behind nurses resignation need to be identified independently for the aim of developing appropriate retention strategies. References Benligiray, S. Sonmez, H. (2013). The analysis of demographic and work life variables which affect the occupational commitment of nurses. Journal of management development, 32(4), 419-434. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02621711311326392 McNess-Smith, D.k. Crook, M. (2003). Nursing values and a changing nurse workforce values, age and job stages. Journal of nursing administration, 33(5), 260-270. Retrieved from http://journals.lww.com/jonajournal/Abstract/2003/05000/Nursing_Values_and_a_Changing_Nurse_Workforce_.2.aspx Munir, R.I.S. Abdul Rahman, R. (2015). Determining dimensions of job satisfaction using factor analysis. Procedia economics and finance, 37, 488-496. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(16)30156-3 Sapsford, A Jupp, V. (2006). Data collection and analysis, Asking questions. (p103). (2nd ed.). London: SAGE Publication. Strachota, E., Normandin, P., OBrien, N., Clary, M. Krukow, B. (2003). Reasons registered nurses leave or change employment status. Journal of nursing administration, 33(2), 111-117. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12584464 Takase, M., Oba, K. Yamashita, N. (2007) Generational differences in factors influencing job turnover among Japanese nurses: An exploratory comparative design. International journal of nursing studies, 46, 957-967. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2007.10.013 Tao, H., Ellenbecker, C.H., Wang, Y. Li, Y. (2015). Examining perception of job satisfaction and intention to leave among ICUÂÂ   nurses in China. International journal of nursing sciences, 2(2), 140-148. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2015.04.007

Because I Could Not Stop For Death Essay

The poem is generally about death and the thoughts going on in the mind of the person nearing it. In simple and short phrases, the persona of the poem is expressing his feelings towards the end of his life on earth and the beginning of his immortality in eternity. The poem basically treats death not a negative thing but something that cannot be avoided and everyone shall face in the future. Although the persona in the poem is sad because he has to leave behind the earthly realm he loved and got used to, he cannot deny death and saw something positive in the process of embrasing it. The poem was developed in a way that it incorporated both the aesthetic and rational sense. It has six (6) stanzas. The lines of the poem’s stanzas have alternating eight (8) and six (6) syllables. There is no specific rhyming scheme in the construction of the poem making it a free verse. Even so, the combination of words, especially the descriptions elaborately shows connection with each other. Be/cause/ I/ could/ not/ stop/ for/ Death — 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 He/ kind/ly/ stopped/ for/ me – 1 2 3 4 5 6 The/ Ca/rriage/ held/ but/ just/ Our/selves – 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 And/ i/mmor/ta/li/ty. 1 2 3 4 5 6 (All succeeding stanzas have similar syllabic pattern. ) The first stanza of the poem is a clear introduction of what death is. The opening lines Because I could not stop for Death – He kindly stopped for me means that the persona doesn’t want death. However, he has to face it. And when he is taken by death, there is nothing in the physical world that he can bring with him aside from his immortality. It is a declaration how powerful and divine death is. After the poem’s heavy introduction, it is then followed and supported by stanzas with lines grouped in a way to best describe the event. The reader of the poem is taken to a trance that will show him the best picture of death and what it does. There are descriptions of what the things that will be left behind are and what waits. The real meaning of the poem may not be understood by single reading because of the very obscure diction. Nevertheless, a close look will reveal the great imagery that is contained in the poem. In the fifth (5th) stanza of the poem We paused before a House that seemed A Swelling of the Ground – The Roof was scarcely visible – The Cornice – in the Ground – the imagery is very impressive. The author used the above phrases and lines to describe the end point of every one who dies. Anyone who reads through the lines will realize that the burial place is just a stop-over or a pit stop for a more interesting journey – and that is the journey to eternity. Meaning, there is more than just the dying and the ceremony when it happens. People should look forward on eternity and the possible beauty and joy we may find there. The poem does not have a rhyming scheme but the words are in harmony with each other. Moreover, the way each stanza was developed is consistent with the previous and the next. Because of the aforementioned writing strategy, the picture of the poem all fell into place making it like a mini-movie once read. The idea is successfully extended to the readers because of the very interesting way words are put together. Usually, death is pictured as something tragic, thus, something that should be scared about. But the author Emily Dickinson successfully depicted death in such a way that it uplifts one’s spirit. It is almost positive that Emily Dickinson wrote this piece during her last days on Earth. And in an artistic way, Emily Dickinson converted her experience into a masterpiece that will inspire readers for generations.

Reaction Paper: Mankind: Story of All of Us

Reaction Paper: Mankind: Story of all of us – History Channel The documentary that was assigned for us to watch is all about the beginning of mankind. Not exactly about the evolution of men (ape to human), but how men developed through times and what were the first inventions made by the human beings. It is said that it has been documented for 3 years, and it is such a privilege to be able to watch the episode. For me it was easy to understand. The story is illustrated well by the actors and you could also feel like going back in time together with the people who have been documenting these stories.I think it is educational and must be required in high school to watch the episodes in their world history class. The stories that’d been shown in the first episode are mostly discussed in my world history class during my high school years. With the illustration, it is easier for the students to understand what really happened at that time and it will surely remain in our min d just like a favorite movie that we once watched. The documentary started from when we were cavemen. We wandered around, looked for place to live and basic needs to survive. We can see from just that scene that men were created intelligent. Associated article: Reaction Paper About Stage PlayAnd from the discovery of fire, our developments as being a human have started. I actually started watching from the part where a woman discovers farming. If she didn’t discover the ways of farming, we wouldn’t be able to develop even greater inventions like we have in the present. The documentary explained that this was one of the biggest factor in the history; not only positively but negatively, It has also became the cause of crimes and wars. In the documentary, we could conclude that people are natural warriors. To be able to survive from what we think is a threat; we would fight with the other group of men or tribe.We will protect what we think is ours and to conquer others when we think they got more than what we have. Through the years, the development of the weapons has become the greatest part in our history. How the people discovered the material and made it into a sharp object. How they learned to exchange th ings and to market. In these times they discovered exporting and importing system. From the usage of stones for weapons, it became tin, and then another mineral, then learned to use iron. Which in modern days, iron is very important for building bridges and buildings. Chinese were really clever ever since.They have invented new kinds of weapons which are more accurate and more powerful. They are also the one who started the mass production in weapons. I think it somehow shows in the current economy of the China. What I really liked in the history that they’ve shown in the documentary are the building of the pyramid and the Great Wall of China. It is amazing how people managed to build such a gigantic architect during those times and without any help of our modern technology. Everything was calculated precisely. And writing was the biggest factor that has helped them in building those.I still wonder how and where they got the 2 million blocks for building the pyramid. And to t hink many people have sacrificed in making both of the architectural structure for 20 years for Pyramid and 118 years for the Great Wall of China (if I remembered correctly), it is really amazing. I don’t know if it’s still possible for modern men to build anything that is as amazing without the help of any machinery. Because of the high technological inventions, people have become more dependent and lazy. Even if there’re going to be an amazing new architect, I wouldn’t be as amazed as I do for those old architectural structure.But it doesn’t mean that the development and advancement in technology is bad. I think it is also important to appreciate the hard work that had been exerted by the men who have sacrificed their life in building it. The documentary has become a great reminder and a lesson to me. I would recommend other people to watch these episodes for it might change us in the way we see life in a positive ways. I hope there will be more great invention and not all those useless inventions made by idle scientists. People really should get a good example from the men in golden times. Not with the invention of weapons but inventions towards peace.

Argumentative Essay on Bilingual Education Essays

Argumentative Essay on Bilingual Education Essays Argumentative Essay on Bilingual Education Essay Argumentative Essay on Bilingual Education Essay Essay Topic: Argumentative Argumentative Essay on Bilingual Education Bilingualism is the ability to speak two languages. Bilingual Education is being taught school subjects in two different languages. The United States is home to millions of immigrants each with their own native backgrounds. The United States require the immigrants to learn the full English languages when settling into the country. The schools should give the opportunity to bilingual students, or new student immigrants the advantage to learn the English language or to be taught in two different languages. This would give the students the advantage in learning two different languages that will help them in the future. They should be able to learn their own native language and speak it in private but also in public, however, they should also be taught the English language whether when entering the country, school, or private tutoring. Bilingual Education should not be forced by the government; it should be their own free chose. As the immigrants become more fluent in the English language they will have a better chance getting jobs, communication, and helping their own children learn the English language. The United States should not focus only on English Only Movement they should offer the opportunity of Bilingual Education for its citizens, but also keeping English as one of the main languages in the country. First, the United States needs not to focus on making English the only language but work more on helping the new immigrants learn the English language. The United States needs to do more to prevent the problem of immigrants in the United States having trouble getting jobs or keeping up in the classroom because they are not fluent in English. If the immigrants were taught the full English language coming into the country it will help the children in the classroom learn easier by keeping up with the teacher and also give the parents the advantage to communicate with their childrens teachers. T he immigrants have a

Teaching the receptive skills Essays

Teaching the receptive skills Essays Teaching the receptive skills Paper Teaching the receptive skills Paper This study aims to present some useful techniques to teachers who are aiming to improve the students receptive skills (reading, listening). Researchers and teachers of second languages realized that most of their students were able to ask questions from foreigners but were not able to understand what they had answered. It is one of the various good reasons for teaching reading/listening. Students may actually need to read/listen for their work or study, or they want to read/listen for pleasure. In each case, the process needs to be as easy as possible for them. Exercises focusing on the receptive skills allow the study and practice of grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation and punctuation, and the reading/listening can provoke conversation and discussion. At first, the teachers main task is to get familiar with the different types of reading and listening activities. In case of reading there are: skimming, scanning, receptive/intensive reading and extensive reading. In the followings I would like to present them separately. Skimming means when students are examining a text rapidly with occasional periods of close inspection, i. e. , quickly running their eyes over the text to get the general idea. In the case of scanning students are locating a specific symbol or group of symbols (e. g. : a date or a name of a person or place). So, students are quickly searching for some particular pieces of information. Receptive/intensive reading means a careful reading aimed to discover exactly what the author seeks to convey; often reading for information; readers need to understand linguistic and semantic detail and pay attention to the text. At last, we speak about extensive reading when readers read for pleasure; readers need to understand all details of the text; speed and skill in getting the general idea are most important (Knutson 1998). According to Harmer (1991; p. 217-228) there are 5 types of listening:   Listening to extract specific information: students listen for specific information at word level (e. g. : filling in charts)   Listening for communicative tasks: asks students to listen in order to perform some kind of communicative tasks which is as much like real life as possible, and which involves students working together to solve a problem (Harmer 1991; p. 219)   Listening for general understanding: students listen to conversations in order to get a general idea of what the main points are Listening for detail: students listen for groups of and phrases at sentence level When the teacher is aware of the different kinds of reading and listening activities, he/she has to select the authentic materials. He/she has to take into consideration some very important aspects. Namely, the topic of the text should be interesting to the students and relevant to their age. The teachers also have to know the students background knowledge, including their experience with the topic, their level of English and the new vocabulary that should be presented. The teacher also has to examine the text, I mean whether it is organized in a clear way or not. He/she has to know the length and the quality of the text. As Brewster (1991; p. 6) points out, Their attention span is limited. Therefore, tasks should be short, varied, motivating and interesting and should offer concrete perceptual support. When all the above mentioned aspects are clear for the teacher, he/she can start the lesson, which is concentrating on the receptive skills. According to the book, Kri ti ti l a Videi ig teachers should spend some time with presenting the topic. That can be done by making the students start to talk about the topic or tell their opinion separately and loudly to the class. The teachers can also ask questions related to the topic in order to encourage a whole class talking (Holli et al. 1996). If you are having a reading/listening lesson, you should work on four different stages, namely: Before reading/listening, during reading/listening, after reading/listening, feedback and guidance. The first one is the stage before learners actually read to listen to the text. The function of this stage is to prepare learners to engage in the text, try to do this as effectively as possible, because it is very important to motivate the students for reading/listening the text. At this stage before reading and listening they will have already formed an idea about the content and type of the text. It is also the time when new vocabulary should be presented and the worksheets should be given out to the students. The teacher has to tell them clearly what there task is. While the students are listening or reading the teacher should circulate among them in order to see how well they are moving on and help them if it is necessary. Then, when the text had been listened or read the teacher should check whether they were able to complete the exercise or not. If it was not enough to listen to or read the text once, he/she lets them do it again. Sometimes I ask them not to write anything on their handouts at the first listening/reading, just pay attention to the text carefully. On the feedback stage the teacher together with the students corrects the handouts. True or false statements are popular ways of checking comprehension, and I think that students also like doing these activities. Every course book includes such activities. My favourite reading exercise is mosaic reading, all the students like it, too. I found this exercise in the book, Mi g 135 i tlet. In this activity students are given different paragraphs of a story. I often give out tales that are cut into pieces (e. g. : Snow White). Students read their extract and choose the main happening of it. While they are reading I am walking in the class and help them if there is an unknown word or phrase. They write a statement, and two questions related to their extract. For instance: We are in a little house where everything is so tiny. Why? Who are living here? When the students are ready they ask their questions and the others are checking their extracts to find the answer. If somebody fins it he/she will tell the class. With the help of these questions and answers the students will be able to build up and take into a chronological order the whole story (Gedeon et al. 2002). The students favourite listening exercise is of course when we listen to pop songs. I try to make this more enjoyable by asking them at the end of a lesson to write down their favourite song on a sheet. Then, I collect them and choose one of them. On the next lesson we will listen to that song. I give out the lyric of the song with some missing words; while they are listening they have to complete the gaps. When we have the complete lyric, they translate it to get the general idea of the song. I use the Internet to find the lyrics of the songs. This study aimed to find ways with which the receptive skills of the students can be improved. The most important a teacher should do is to make the students realize what a wonderful thing it is when we are able to understand a foreign language and read a newspaper that is not written in our native language. References 1. Knutson, Elizabeth M. (1998) Reading with a Purpose: Communicative Reading Tasks for the Foreign Language Classroom ERIC Clearinghouse on Languages and Linguistics Washington DC. uncc. edu/~medomoto/4200/readings/reading_with_purpose. html Retrieved from the World Wide Web: 01-04-2003 2. Harmer J. (1991) The Practice of English Language Teaching, Longman Group UK Limited 3. Brewster J. 1991 Listening and the Young Learner in Teaching English to Children Ed. Brumfit, Moon and Tongue Collins ELT 4. Holli D. Kontri ni H. E. Ti mi r i. (1996) A Kri ti ti l a Videi ig Tanki nyvkiadi , Budapest 5. Gedeon i. Lengyel Zs. Ri dai P. (2002) Mi g 135 i tlet Helikon Kiadi Kft. , Budapest 1 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our  University Degree Teaching  section.

Management Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management Project - Essay Example The paper includes an in-dept analysis of the four important aspects of management (planning, organizing controlling and leading) in the context of PNR. It also provides a brief description regarding the products and operations of the company. The company overview PNR Private Ltd has been involved in the business of tyres that are mainly used in two wheelers. It produces tyres for two wheelers especially for the motor cycles. It is been almost seven years that the company is manufacturing and selling tyres. Its main customers include some of the local as well as global two wheeler manufacturers. Furthermore, there is a strong network of dealers that sell the products to the individual customers. In the last year PNR’s annual revenue reached almost $100M. However the company’s performance was badly hit by the recent global financial crisis that rocked most of the developed economies in the world especially the US and UK economy. As the demand of cars and bikes was signif icantly lowered due to this global crisis, tyre industry was also remarkably affected. Being a part of this industry PNR also experienced a tough time when its annual revenue was gone down by almost 10% in the year 2008-2009. However, with recovery of global economy PNR has also improved its performance. At present the company employs almost 100 individuals. The management of PNR gives significant importance on the quality and innovation of the product. The company’s main objective is to take the customer satisfaction level to a new high that will help the company to meet its annual target of revenue easily on a regular basis. Over the years ‘Innovation’ has been the key to PNR’s success. The company has plans to invest significant amount of resources in the research and development section. A new production plant with state-of-the art technology and advanced research and development facilities is likely to come up in near future. The company’s visi on is to become the market leader in two wheeler tyre industry by means of high degree of innovation and customer satisfaction. In PNR it is believed that management is a concept that is neither solely science nor solely arts, but it is a blend of both. In the present business world which is intensely competitive, organizations fail to succeed if they do not focus on innovation, research and development. Today, most of the managerial decisions are taken after conducting extensive marketing as well as financial research. If management is looked at from this perspective then it can be considered as more of science rather than arts. However, on the other hand management is also about art of convincing and communicating with the staffs. According to Basu, â€Å"management is getting things done through and with others† (Basu, Business Organisation And Management). This statement reflects that art is an important component of management. The management of PNR admits these facts an d believes that management is the combination of both science and art. The next section provides a clear picture of the four important aspects of management i.e. planning, leading, organizing and controlling in the context of PNR. Planning SWOT Analysis SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Threats and Opportunities) Analysis is a strategic tool that is widely used across all the industry. PNR’s main strength is its strong customer base. Despite

Debt Administration Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Debt Administration - Assignment Example higher interest rate than a municipal bond rated Aa.This is because, according to Moody’s rating ,a bond rated Aa has shows that credit worthiness of the issuer is high hence the issuer will have to pay less interest on the debt being issued, as opposed to a municipal bond rated Baa which are judged to be of medium grade and subject to moderate credit risk, meaning that credit worthiness of the issuer is somewhat good, but not as good as that of the one rated Aa.Municipalities with lower bond ratings ought to pay more interest on debt being issued to compensate for the greater perceived risk associated with the lower rating. Revenue bonds offer higher interest rates than general obligation bonds. This is because, they are somewhat riskier than general obligation bonds as they only rely on the revenue expected to be generated by the facility being built and secured by a specified source of revenue. The general obligation bonds are backed by the full faith and credit of the issuing government and its taxing power, making it less risky thus offering the lowest yields. A general obligation bond rated Aa issued by a city. This it is riskier than that issued by the county as it relies on few projects for its repayment. General obligation bonds issued by a county are less risky because they are secured by the county government hence less interest rate on the debt being issued, meaning less returns to the investor. A municipal bond with maturity in 20 years will attract high interest because the longer the credit period, the riskier the debt. This is due to the fact that the future is unknown and the longer the maturity period the higher the risk, hence the issuer has to pay higher interest to compensate for the risk being