Ethan from †Realism Essay

The rise of Realism in 1855 was the time when farming began to industrialize, communication expanded through railroads, and Nationalism was yet again revived. On top of all these important transformations that have marked this period of time was the significance for literature with a new audience, new settings, and new characters. The novel, Ethan Frome, by Edith Wharton, is a magnificent example of literature from the Realistic period. First, Realism is a definite movement away from the Romantic period. Romantics wrote regarding the unique and the unusual, whereas in Realism, literature was written about the average and ordinary. The town where the novel takes place is Starkfield, an average farming community. There is not much in the town that is of interest or anything extravagant to be known for. In addition, literature from Romanticism focused on hopes, while Realistic literature illustrated skepticism and doubt. The narrator describes the scene where Zeena declares to Ethan that her sickness is getting serious, saying, â€Å"She continued to gaze at him through the twilight with a mien of wan authority, as of one consciously singled out for a great fate. I’ve got complications,’ she said† (108 Wharton). Hope for Zeena’s health is nonexistent, and she, being a hypochondriac, confirms the fact that she feels doubtful about life. The Romantics wrote about the unusual and hopeful, which are characteristics that are not strongly represented in Realistic literature. The second aspect of Realism is the idea of Regionalism. One indication of Regionalism in literature is the characters’ dialect. An excellent depiction of dialect is where Harmon Gow says, â€Å"Wust kind, . . . More’n enough to kill most men† (6). His regional accent is shown by the spelling and punctuation, allowing the reader to have an idea of how Harmon would have said it. Another aspect of Regionalism is the customs and the way of life of the characters. One way of life that the characters are accustomed to is the normality of marriage between cousins. As this practice is not enthusiastically accepted everywhere, it brings the Regionalistic aspect to the novel. Regionalism, which includes the characteristics of dialect and customs, is a critical component of Realism. Third, Realistic literature uses the concept of Naturalism. In Ethan Frome, the bleak winter setting is a primary clue that nature plays a key role in the story. Nature is displayed as a powerful and malevolent force that is indifferent to humankind. In the novel, the narrator once stated, â€Å"But when winter shut down on Starkfield, and the village lay under a sheet of snow perpetually renewed from the pale skies, I began to see what life there–or rather its negation–must have been . . . † (7). This statement depicts the winter seasons in Starkfield as gloomy and undesirable weather. Aside from the setting, the basic animal nature of humans also draws out the Naturalistic traits in Realism. The narrator tells what was going through Ethan’s mind following the smash-up, † . . . and far off, up the hill, he heard the sorrel whinny, and thought: `I ought to be getting him his feed. . . ‘ † (172). At such an intense moment, Ethan’s animal nature brings him to think about tending to his hungry horse instead of caring about his and Mattie’s teetering lives. These examples signify the sense of nature and its forces used in the literature of Realists. Edith Wharton’s novel, Ethan Frome, is a wonderful example of Realistic literature. Its style shows signs of a distinct shift away from Romanticism and illustrates the aspects of Regionalism and Naturalism, two major components of Realism. Authors of the Realistic period depicted life as typical, everyday people lived and knew it to be, using these important points. The ordinary characters that dealt with common problems and situations in the literature brought a new group of readers, establishing a unique new era that has changed the way people perceive life forever.

Difficulty paper

Difficulty Paper: â€Å"Near Taurus† In many respects, â€Å"Near Taurus† was a mystery text that perplexed my thought process as I read this masterpiece. For me, as an average reader, I found this piece to be a very difficult to understand; so much so that I can say this is one of the most difficult works I have ever read. The grammar, the stylistic language, the lack of information made the story that much harder to comprehend. However as I read this text multiple times to understand what is being conveyed, I am still grasping new information by reading in a different perspective.Here is what I came to understand of this story. Let's take a look at the very first line of this piece, â€Å"After the rains had come and gone we went down the reservoir† (13). This first line gives us an indication that this is an outside scenery and is beautifully introduced to us readers. The author Jumps straight into the scene and it made me contemplate as to where this setting could be at. I then looked back at the title and it hit me that this was outdoors, maybe on a mountain and the characters where looking to the stars. Taurus†, one of the constellations of the zodiac, is the main topic of this story. There are two people who are looking to the sky and are looking for the Taurus, but see other ones like Orion (13). The Taurus is usually seen in the winter season and is established when the boy says â€Å"the body won't show until the winter† (13). Nevertheless, even though the story was very short, it has still a lot that is uncovered and many passages that left me discombobulated.Initially, the narrator starts to introduce the characters in this piece, stating â€Å"Our voices were high†his, mine; soft, bright† (13). Then, like it was a bad habit, drops the characters description and traits. Why? Is it not important for us readers to grasp who and what the characters are like? Even during the end of the text, the narrator st ates about the boy in the story, â€Å"l could tell you his name. I could and would not† (13).Perhaps, it is done this way because it leads us readers to look for the surroundings and the setting of the story to make our own interpretations. During the end of this story, the narrator after talking about an incident with the boy, who was most likely teenage lovers with the narrator at the time, Jumps to the future and says â€Å"He died, that boy. Light-years! Ages and ages. And here I am: a mother, witness, a raiser of a boy' (13). The style and grammar and even the word choice in this line was very intriguing and confused me.When the narrator said â€Å"light years† and then â€Å"ages and ages† was interesting because she Just mentioned that the boy passed away. I felt that she still had some feeling towards this person, and it even made believe that the boys was the father of the boy she mentioned in that line. I was also confused at when she said she was a â€Å"witness. † What was she referring too? Was it the Taurus or did she witness love? Love because I believe this story is a love story because of the word choices of the narrator and scenery depicted in this story.Nonetheless this word choice chosen by the narrator I believe is fascinating but can confuse us average readers. Unlike many books that I nave read over the years, I believe this piece was very difficult and interesting at the same time. Even though the was less than a page, less than 300 words, I believe it said so much without saying much, which is unbelievable! The word play, the stylistic language and the lack of information was the primary ause of the difficult understanding of the text when reading it the first couple of times.However as I continued to break this seemingly unbreakable text, I started to look at it in a different perspective. I then understood as to what this piece meant, and the title played a great role. Furthermore, the way the author cho se not to introduce any real information about the characters and left us, the readers, to determine as to what we understand about the scene and setting is fascinating to me. This piece unbolted my mind and made me become a better reader I believe.

Brief Biography and their Styles

Born in 1905, Christian Dior was a French designer whose destiny to be a fashion designer was in his blood. His grandfather, Louis-Jean Dior, first established the Dior fortune, although it was nothing related to fashion. The grandfather established the business of producing char from oxidized roots and then importing guano from Chile and Peru. The business was then expanded by the cousins Lucien and Maurice Dior, the latter being Christian Dior’s father (Pochna 8). His mother who was the most influential person in his life; he was never interested of his father’s work.Madeleine, his mother, longed for beautiful things to compensate for the â€Å"less appealing nature of her husband’s profession† (Pochna 12). Eventually, Christian studied political science at Paris and created costumes for the annual carnivals back at his hometown. But his journey to success was not smooth sailing. His mother died, the family’s business went broke, and Christian dev eloped tuberculosis. It was only in 1946 when he was given a break to be a designer (â€Å"Christian Dior’s Luck†). The name Christian Dior became one of the top-of-the-line brands in the fashion world.Today, he is known for introducing a collection of feminine clothes with soft rounded shapes, flowing skirts, and nipped-in waists. He envisioned creations that are â€Å"luxurious, exquisite and very womanly. † For this reason, he won the hearts of many women around the world (â€Å"Christian Dior’s Luck†). In addition, Dior is known for creating wonderful dresses called â€Å"Venus† and â€Å"Junon. † Jeanne Lanvin The year 1867 witnessed the birth of another future couturiere. Despite poverty, Jeanne Lanvin rose to being a famous designer. At the young age of 16, she learned how to make hats.Later on, she conducted an on-the-job training at Suzanne Talbot’s fashion house and became a young milliner. Her training taught her the right skills in dressmaking. After a few years, Lanvin set up stalls to sell her hats. Later on, she opened her very own boutique. She became famous among Parisian mothers when she made a dress for her sister and her niece. Lanvin created dresses with charming pleats and trimmed with English embroidery (Sanderson). Lanvin also became famous for the â€Å"robes de style† clothing, characterized with tight waists and full skirts. Her creations were to be the precursors of Christian Dior’s â€Å"New Look† creations.In addition, she was also known for the â€Å"la chemise† dress. This was to become the â€Å"basic silhouette† for the 19th and 20th centuries. In addition, Lanvin was known for intriguing designs, such as her Riviera collection which featured Aztec-inspired embroidery. In 1922, her collection was added with a â€Å"Breton† suit. It consisted of a gathered skirt with a short and braided jacket. The jacket, in turn, has many tiny bu ttons and boasted a white organdy collar. The suit also came with a sailor hat (de Mesterton). Lanvin’s creations were in demand among actresses and royal personalities.Many people liked the way Lanvin designed her creations with embroidery, beading, and use of exotic embellishments. Not only these, but Lanvin also made sure that her dresses were of high quality. Additionally, she believed that women should wear clothes that are colorful and feminine. She created dresses with empire-waists, sleeves that were long and flowing, billowing skirts, and tight waists. She made use of luxurious fabrics in her creations and incorporated ruffles, lace, flowers, beading, and ribbons. The Lanvin style was also known to make use of applique, parallel stitching, and embroidery (de Mesterton).Madeleine Vionnet Madeleine Vionnet was another French designer born on 1876. Just like Lanvin, Vionnet learned from an early age the skills of dressmaking. When she was 11, she became an apprentice of a seamstress. By the age of 19, she became a premiere d’atelier. In 1902, she entered the House of Callot Soeurs and learned to make dresses through â€Å"impeovizational draping. † A few years later, she became a designer at the House of Doucet. This was where Vionnet was inspired to make clothes for uncorsetted bodies (Bissonnette). Vionnet worked for many dressmakers in London and Paris before launching her own house in 1912.She revolutioned the world of fashion when she developed the bias cut, characterized as sleek and graceful style. The bias cut enabled the clothing to cling to the body like a second skin. With this creation, Vionnet became famous, and many people would praise the way she combined geometry and anatomy to her dresses. Vionnet was also known to pay close attention to the medium and fabric she used. Furthermore, Vionnet took advantage of the knowledge that the body is a three-dimensional entity. Thus, she developed techniques such as pleating, twi sting, cutting, tucking, wrapping and looping fabric (Bissonnette).In addition, Vionnet made use of the bias cut by creating garments that did not use corsets and constricting undergarments. She was a popular designer in the 1930s when she introduced garments that sensually cling to the body. These creations were inspired by medieval styles including Greek and Roman. Aside from the famous bias cut, Vionnet was also the mastermind behind the creation of cowl neck, handkerchief dress, and the halter top (â€Å"Vionnet, Madeleine†). Vionnet was different from other designers in such a way that her creations were hard to copy.This was because she was afraid that others would copy her style and sell them cheaply (Condra 124). Victor Stiebel In the fashion world, Victor Stiebel is known for creating romantic evening gowns and flawless tailoring. This was later became Stiebel’s signature as a designer. Born in 1907, Stiebel studied architecture at Cambridge where he designed the costumes for a theatrical presentation. In 1927, the Victoria & Albert had two of Stiebel’s designs. One featured a black and white evening dress in Garconne style. The other one was a black and silver gown with an appliqued snake from hem to bodice (Conekin 147).Two years later, Stiebel trained at Reville where he learned the skills for creating evening garments. Three years was enough for Stiebel to fully learn the necessary skills for haute couture (Conekin 147). He opened his very own house in 1932. Despite the â€Å"diminishing role of the court dressmaker,† Stiebel chose to establish himself along this line. Surprisingly, his creations were acclaimed. Many considered his garments as â€Å"very striking creations. † In addition, the simple evening gowns he made were praised as â€Å"particularly suited to the Englishwoman’s figure.† Stiebel was also famous for cleverly using pleats and draperies that defined the body. His signature was the n known to be the artful use of striped fabrics (Conekin 148). Not only were these Stiebel’s creations that garnered praises from fashion magazines. He was admired for featuring slender cut and floral printed dresses. Specifically, Stiebel created an Empire line dress made from oyster satin which featured a silver-edged train. He also proved to be a resourceful and imaginative designer. He designed clothes that were appropriate for the season (Conekin 148).In 1942, Stiebel, along with other designers, founded the Incorporated Society of London Fashion Designers. The organization aimed to represent the interests of London fashion designers. During this time, some of Stiebel’s creations were gown in flowing Grecian styles made of silk jersey. He also designed and created a black gown with ostrich feathers trimmings. Many of his other designs were featured on fashion magazines (Conekin 151). Pauline Trigere Pauline Trigere is another Paris-born designer who rose to fame b ecause of her own style in designing and creating clothes.She migrated to the United States and became an American citizen in the 1940s. She was the daughter of a tailor, and she longed to be a professional in the fashion world. Before opening her own house in 1942, Trigere worked for other design houses in New York. Armed with the skills she learned from her father and from the design houses, she created 11 dresses which her brother sold. Her clothes were sold because the boutiques liked the way Trigere created them (Ward & Ferguson). Her clothes were famously known for being feminine-fitting.Aside from this, the wealthy and famous personalities liked her style of exquisite tailoring. Trigere also made use of very expensive materials, thus driving the prices of her creations higher. One of her famous creations was the wardrobe of Patricia Neal in â€Å"Breakfast at Tiffany’s† (Ward & Ferguson). Trigere is known for many things, one of which is the creation of the firs t reversible coat. Coats were her most recognized garment, and she made various styles. She was also known for creating sleeveless coats and coats featuring detachable scarves. She also included her trademark turtle pins among her clothes (Ward & Ferguson).Additionally, Trigere was known for directly turning sketches into dresses because she herself did not know how to sketch. But this was not a disadvantage for the creative designer. What Trigere did was to â€Å"cut and drape from bolts of fabric† (Nemy 1). Even after death, Trigere is praised by her peers for beingan intellectual designer and creator of timeless fashion (Nemy 1). Works Cited Bissonnette, Anne. 2001. Vionnet. Kent State University Museum. 27 April 2009 . â€Å"Christian Dior’s Luck. † 2007. Articlesbase. 27 April 2009 . Condra, Jill. The Greenwood encyclopedia of clothing through world history. United States: Greenwood Publishing group, 2008. Conekin, Becky. The Englishness of English Dress. E ngland: Berg Publishers, 2002. De Mesterton, M-J. 2008. History of the House of Lanvin. Elegant Survival. 27 April 2009 . Nemy, Enid. 2002. Pauline Trigere, 93, Exemplar of American Styles, Dies. The New York Times. 27 April 2009 .

The Clarinet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Clarinet - Essay Example Similarly, as I have been a musician since I was twelve, and because of my deep passion for it, describing the musical instrument ‘clarinet’ appears to be a simple objective for me to accomplish. Most of the people are very fond of clarinet’s music, but many dont really know much about this instrument. But I hope to describe it in such a manner that a pretty good idea of the same could emerge in my readers’ mind. The clarinet is an instrument from the woodwind family. It acquires its name from the word clarino, which means a particular type of ‘trumpet’ and prefixed to net which means ‘little’. Thus the word ‘clarinet’ can be taken to mean as ‘a little instrument which sounds almost like trumpet.’ The woodwind family has three branches, and each has a different source of sound. The sounds are made in clarinet through the vibrations that are made by blowing air across the top of this instrument, across a si ngle reed or in some cases across two reeds. The reed is clamped to a mouthpiece at the top of the instrument and vibrates against the mouthpiece when air is blown between the reed and the mouthpiece. In cases where two reeds are tied together and used in a clarinet, such instruments are known as double reed clarinets. The clarinet’s body is slender and long, and it accommodates some metal keys which can be pressed to play different notes. Made from wood, the clarinet produces a fluid sound when air is blown between the reed and the mouthpiece. Most of the clarinetists buy manufactured reeds while some of them make their own.

Organisation that fail to plan are in essence planning to fail' Essay

Organisation that fail to plan are in essence planning to fail'. discuss this statement. in your answer consider types of organisational plans, and the link be - Essay Example act that the company’s mission and vision statements are chalked up when it is in the early stage and thus the whole concept of finding out what it wants from its different processes and activities, whether or not to go for the short term incentives or substitute the same for the long term gains and a host of other things that come in line with these points as well. [DEAN, 2002] Organizations in the present times are doing their utmost in order to know more and more about their valued customers. For this, they have devised certain strategies which are in line with the values that their business has set for itself. These values are thus deeply intrinsic within the mission and vision statements of the company. In order to gain further knowledge about the customers, research is being given proper emphasis which would eventually discern the exact basis for the customers to come and make that vital purchase. [McNAMARA, 2007] Even when the same has been done, the need is to find out how the same customers can be retained and in what manner they will come back for the repeat purchase of the product. Organizations do their best to conduct research which will harness their business outcomes as well as help them achieve positive results in the light of unbroken grounds, at least in the marketing and business circles. They want to reach out to the customers in whatever capacity they can and for that they aim to find out the best and most efficient means possible. In order to gain this deeper understanding, they are seeking in depth research from third party research affiliates like A C Nielsen, Dunn & Bradstreet and others. These research companies find the exact basis for the company to reach out to the potential customers as well as hit upon the ones who are actually buying the competitor products and are simply unaware of their product or do not want to use theirs due to certain malice, prejudice, immoral or disliked advertising campaigns and a host of other reasons as

History of the Olympic Games and their meaning Research Paper

History of the Olympic Games and their meaning - Research Paper Example During the ancient Olympic Games, there was a period of the sacred truce. This period was during the month of the Olympiad. This period called for a cessation of all hostilities for safe movement of athletes to and from Olympia (Hellenic Information Society 1). The game served to unite the Greeks and amplified the Greeks sense of national unity. However, the game became international as the Greeks moved to other areas such as Syria and Egypt. They engaged in maintenance of their culture, and this was only possible through building athletic facilities and continuing their sporting traditions. This was also extended to the Roman Empire when roman citizenship was accorded to any person within the Roman Empire. This way the game had an international nature. This was also made possible when the Greek government reinstated the games in 1896. The modern Olympic Games are because of Baron Pierre de Coubertin. He started the successful campaign to revive the games in the 19th century. The first of the modern games began on Sunday, March 24, 1896, in Athens Greece (Hellenic Information Society 1). This was a summer Olympic Games. This was 1500 years later. He was also instrumental in the establishment of the International Olympic committee. In the modern Olympic Games, athletes match skills and stamina in a series of contest best known as Olympic Games. Almost all the nations send teams of selected athletes to take part in competitions. The main idea of the games is to promote friendship among nations. ... However, the game became international as the Greeks moved to other areas such as Syria and Egypt. They engaged in maintenance of their culture, and this was only possible through building athletic facilities and continuing their sporting traditions. This was also extended to the Roman Empire when roman citizenship was accorded to any person within the Roman Empire. This way the game had an international nature. This was also made possible when the Greek government reinstated the games in 1896. The modern Olympic Games are because of Baron Pierre de Coubertin. He started the successful campaign to revive the games in the 19th century. The first of the modern games began on Sunday, March 24, 1896, in Athens Greece (Hellenic Information Society 1). This was a summer Olympic Games. This was 1500 years later. He was also instrumental in the establishment of international Olympic committee. In the modern Olympic Games, athletes match skills and stamina in a series of contest best known as Olympic Games. Almost all the nations send teams of selected athletes to take part in competitions. The main ideal of the games is to promote friendship among nations. The winter Olympic Games were added in 1924. However, the games were cancelled in both World War I and II. The separation of the summer and winter Olympic Games was done in 1992. From this period, both of the events alternate after four years. There is also an Olympic flame. This acts as an important symbol of the games. This flame traverses those countries holding the Olympics few months before the official start. Runners with torches carry it. It is used to light a much bigger fire at the onset of the games and this last until the end of the competitions (British Council 1). Moreover, there is

Sociolinguistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sociolinguistics - Essay Example Lower geographical distances and large population sizes often results in increased social contact between two locations and the chance that the respective dialects are influenced by each other (Heeringa, 2006). Therefore by establishing language variation theories more information can be gathered about the speakers, their representations, about the structures of the society and interactions (Berruto, 2004). The scientific study of language is called linguistics. Formal models are often constructed which allow us to understand the functioning of various modules of the linguistic grammar function1. These modules include study of variations in phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics. In fact there's a school of thought which says that, "In the absence of variation, languages would no longer be the versatile, flexible semiotic instruments they are, malleably following the flow of time and history. This capacity for variation would appear to be co-essential to natural langu ages" (Berruto, 2004). Variations in language can be; Dialect: This is a somewhat complex concept. Dialect is considered a collection of attributes (phonetic, phonological, syntactic, morphological, semantic) that make one group of speakers noticeably different from another group of speakers of the same language Therefore while on the one hand there are variations in the languages li

Oil and Gas Exploration at ANWR Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Oil and Gas Exploration at ANWR - Assignment Example The major and new technologies that have led to an increase in oil drilling are the hydraulic fracturing technique and the horizontal drilling techniques. These technologies make it possible to drill oil, from tight shale rock formations. Cogswell, therefore, explains that these technologies will manage to increase the production of oil in the United States by approximately 30%.   However, there is a considerable debate on whether to allow offshore drilling in the United States. The issue of offshore drilling gained a wide media coverage when President Bush canceled an executive, issued by the then President in the year 1990. Furthermore, President Bush was calling for an increase in the oil drilling of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. There is a considerable debate that surrounds this issue, on whether to drill or not to drill oil in this region. President Obama is against the drilling of oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, citing the fact that it would lead to environ mental damage and pollution. On the other hand, President Bush was an avid supporter of drilling of oil in this region. His argument was that it would help in meeting the oil demands of the country. Despite the existence of this debate, this paper takes a stand that drilling of oil in the ANWR is harmful to the environment, and there is a need of regulating companies responsible for drilling oil in this region.  The problem and issue under consideration are that the drilling of oil in the ANWR is harmful to the environment of United States.

The essential components of effective literacy program Essay

The essential components of effective literacy program - Essay Example This paper highlights the five essential components of effective literacy program.Literacy has been defined as individual's ability to read and write.The term also embraces other operational definitions such as computer and multimedia operations as well as understanding health concepts. The five essential key areas of effective literacy according to the US National Reading Panel include the phonemic awareness, phonics instruction, the fluency, vocabulary, and text comprehension. All these are predictors of effective literacy among individuals and needed to be properly assessed for an objective measure of students' learning outcomes.The skills in communication are vital in the life and development of a person. Success during childhood as well as later stage in life is usually dependent on the individual's ability to read, write and grasp learning about complex situations. Acquiring literacy is a complex task and in fact, nations across the globe are confronted with so many issues in r elation to severity of literacy problem. In the estimates of UNESCO (Rotary International, 2007), there are nearly 800 million people globally over the age of fifteen (15) have insufficient basic reading and writing skills. Added to that, over 64% percent of the world's population is illiterate women and children.Literacy is traditionally defined as the ability of an individual to read and write. It may also encompass other functional abilities, such as operating computer, understanding disease prevention, or reading signs in a market (Rotary Club, 2008). Former President Bill Clinton once said in his speech, ""Literacy is not a luxury; it is a right and a responsibility... if our world is to meet the challenges of the twenty-first century we must harness the energy and creativity of all our citizens" (Better World Quotes, 2008). Consequently, comprehensive reviews on the problem on literacy have created demand for programs that attributes to the improvement of students' skills in reading and writing (Alliance for Excellent Education, 2004). Components of Effective Literacy According to the United States National Reading Panel (2000), there are five essential key areas or components of effective literacy that can fit into a school's literacy program. The said five key areas are the: phonemic awareness, phonics instruction, the fluency, vocabulary, and text comprehension.These elements must be considered in literacy programs. Phonemic awareness is the ability of the individual to hear, recognize and manipulate the individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken words. It does not include visual recognition of the alphabet letters, only their sounds. To build this, the instructor may strategize teaching through the use of poems, nursery rhymes, wordplay in songs, literatures and the use of oral language. On the other hand, alphabet letters and sounds being represented are introduced in phonics instruction. This will enable the individual to successfully recognize words and spelling. There are several ways in which phonics can be built, examples include letter-sound correspondence or letter naming and letter blending or putting together multiple letters sounds. Indoor games like picture shows, spelling bee, word factory, scrabble, message relay and puzzles may be encouraged by instructors in their respective classes. In addition, fluency is defined as the ability to read texts or sentences accurately and smoothly. The use of guided and repeated oral reading, audio recording (play back and repeat listening of voices) and echo reading are some ways in building fluency. In English classes, speech choir, role playing activities and theatrical shows may be required by the teacher. Similarly, vocabulary refers to the definitions of words that are heard

Failure of Marriage in the United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Failure of Marriage in the United States - Essay Example Nowadays lots of U.S dwellers prefer not to give the marriage oaths, and lots of marriages break after few years of existence. The tendency exists that in the United States less people marry, and the marriages are broken more easily and quickly than they were fifty or even thirty years ago. This paper will research different aspects of this problem, including the roots of this phenomenon, and its consequences. Before researching the phenomenon of failure of marriage in the United States we should first define what marriage is. The 2004 Cultural Anthropology defines marriage as a "more or less stable union, usually between two people, who are likely, but not necessarily, to be co-resident, sexually involved with each other, and procreative with each other" while Michael A. Park, the author of Introducing Anthropology: An Integrated Approach states that marriage is "a set of cultural rules for bringing men and women together to create a family unit and for defining their behavior toward one another, their children, and society." In this paper the "Elmer" Social Science Dictionary definition of marriage will be used, which is a "socially approved and legally acknowledged emotional, sexual, and economic relationship between two or more individuals". To find out what turned wrong with marriage in the U.S, we should first define the reasons for which people actually get married. It's obvious for the contemporary people, who dwell in the United States that marriage should be voluntary. In this paper involuntary marriages are not envisaged. We can assume that there are some inner and outer factors that stimulate people to formalize their relationship, and to let the society know they are going to live, and, possibly, raise kids together. Let's first look on the inner determinants of marriage. Singer and Hopkins (1995) talk about the existence of the theory that states that the search for love is genetically programmed in human beings. In the contemporary society marriage is a legitimate mean to get this love, thus lots of people marry to be loved. The other theory developed by Lewis (1971) states that marriage is the consequence of Eros. This author defines Eros as "being in love". For him Eros is thinking about the person, accepting him/her the way he/she is, and being happy jus because this person exists on this planet. Lewis states that sexual desire is just a part of Eros, and that it is the logical consequence of the development of Eros. The author states that there are few couples who marry because of sexual desire, but millions of people make a match because they want to be near each other, and because they love each other. The 20th century was marked by the fact that it was the period when people began to consider love as one of the main reasons for getting married. Before that marriage and love were different notions. During some period of time in the European history love was even considered harmful for marriage. At those times people got married to survive, and to produce healthy breed, and love, which at that times was associated with the tempest of feeling numerous poets expressed in their opuses, wasn't the most suitable ground for those goals. Since the beginning of the 20th century, many philosophers, poets, and psychologists have been researching the nature of married love. Unfortunately, after people marry they sooner or later find out that their feelings towards

Socrates guilty or not Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Socrates guilty or not - Essay Example Socrates was convicted with four charges which stated that Socrates studied things up above in the heavens and below the earth, and was capable of making the worse of the arguments appear as the strongest ones owing to his eloquence, which he denies upfront. Furthermore, Socrates was accused of corrupting the mind of the youth of Athens, this charge was a consequence of the prior charges, and he was regarded as an evil doer, who made the youth follow in his evil plans; all this three charges culminated in the claim of the prosecutors that Socrates denied their gods and on the contrary had created gods of his own, and thus called him an atheist (Academic.mu, 2010, 1). Socrates defended himself and negated all these claims; however it is debatable as to whether he had managed to grasp the attention of the jurors, but even if he did, he angered them by proposing the alternate punishment for himself, which showed that he did not fear the jury or the prosecutors or death. Socrates respond ed to all these charges from the prosecutors in a detailed and complicated manner, which is rather confusing and leads the people away from the actual context, like other dialogues of Socrates narrated by Plato, such as ‘Euthyphro’ (Jowett 2008). The response of Socrates managed to make the prosecutors to agree to his denial, he rounded the argument in such a manner as to confuse others. He claimed that the charges against him were false, and levied by people who were personally angered by Socrates, and they were not knowledgeable and wise, and were careless of their people, and did not actually worry about the Athenians, but rather the reputation damage that Socrates caused them by calling them unwise. In order to take revenge from Socrates and teach him and other people who deviate from their orders that they would not be spared by them or the court, and therefore the trial of Socrates resulted in a death penalty which was approved by the majority of the jurors. Socrates

Strategic Management Analysis of Coca Cola Company Essay Example for Free

Strategic Management Analysis of Coca Cola Company Essay Candle. Three years later Mr. Candler and other associates formed a Georgia corporation named the Coca-Cola Company. The brand name â€Å"Coca-Cola,† was officially patented in the United States on January 31, 1893. The business continued to grow and in 1895, the Coca- Cola product had expanded in all states and territory of Unite State. The Company quickly outgrew its facilities and in 1898 was created the first headquarters building devoted exclusively to the production of syrup and the management of the business. One year later, Benjamin F. Thomas and Joseph B. Whitehead, secured exclusive rights from Candler to bottle and sell the beverage for the sum of only one dollar. In the year 1919, the Coca-Cola Company was sold to a group of investors for $25 million. Robert W. Woodruff became the President of the Company in the year 1923 and his more than sixty years of leadership took the business to unsurpassed heights of commercial success, making Coca-Cola one of the most recognized and valued brands in the 20th century. Today, the Company owns or licenses and markets more than 500 non-alcoholic beverage brands, has 3,500 beverage products including sparkling drinks and still beverages and sells 1. 7 billon servings per day in over 200 countries. The company is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia and employs 139,600 associates across the six operating groups. Approximately 78% of its products are sold outside of the Unite State. Although 2010 was a hard year for many of the multinational companies due to the economical situation, the Cocal Cola company recorded revenues of $35,119 million, 12% more that in 2009. The increase in revenue was primarily due to increase in sales of unit cases of company’s products from approximately 24. 4 billion in 2009 to approximately 25. 5 billion in 2010, the increase in the price and product/geographic mix also boosted the revenue growth. The operating income of the company was $8,449 million and the net profit was $11,809 million, increasing a 2, 6% and 5, 77% respectively over 2009 fiscal year. Business, now-a-days is vitally affected by the economic, social, technological and political factors. The Coca-Cola â€Å"is a marketing model not just for mega multinationals looking to share best practices from around the world but also a case study for how upstart and mid-size brands, of which Coca-Cola has amassed many, can use creative stunts and strategic partnerships to get a lot done on a smaller budget. †( Zmuda, 2011). The company has been faced the external factors such as: economic, social and competitive that has affected the majority of multinational companies during the last years, creating excellent strategic to find solution for them. The Coca- Cola’ Vision and Mission

Angostura Strategy Most Profitable Rum Company

Angostura Strategy Most Profitable Rum Company Analysis of Angostura In this chapter the information gathered from primary and secondary resources will be used to analyse the marketing strategy and performance of Angostura SBR. The vision of Angostura Ltd is to be the most profitable rum company in the Caribbean and continuously improve their position as the largest aromatic bitters company in the world. And their mission is to bring the spirit of Trinidad Tobago to every customer experience by providing preferred products and excellent products and excellent customer service. From these statement it is believed that Angostura would like the company to be the flagship brand or product of the country and that they would incorporate these statements when developing their strategies to market their products .Over the past five years the company have been through a lot which would have affected their existence and performance within the market. They have overcome disastrous obstacles such as having their old (CLICO) parent company filing for bankruptcy w hich would have affected their reputation and their business operations. In this chapter the information and results collect from the interviews, observation and surveys will be analysed and compared with those of the competitor. Angostura strategy Past Present In the past it could clearly be determined that the previous strategy was not about having a dominant presence in the market but more trying to have their products in the foreign markets. It can safely be said that Angostura adopted a strategy of a merger and acquisition type because they were purchasing and forming agreements with other distilleries. In 1999 they bought the minority share in Bacardi Ltd, in 2002 they bought Burn Stewart a scotch distillery in Scotland. And they also formed relationships/alliances with Dewars Ltd. These developments assisted in the distribution of the Angostura brands into untapped markets. They were capitalising on the brand names and the association of the brands to penetrate the markets. It can clearly determine that they adopted a strategy from the Ansoff matrix to the best of their ability to become a leader in the alcohol industry in the world. At that time of the company existence, then chairman and owner of Angostura Lawrence Duprey who is a visionary saw these products as being world class and it should be available to the world. This strategy could be considered to be successful because some of the products won international awards in the GermanysMundus Vini Competition and International Spirits Challenge UK, but there was some neglecting to their home market as there was little awareness of the brands in the local market . There was little advertising over those years that are when the foreign competitors penetrated the market with their intensive marketing tactics and influence a significant number of consumers to switch from rum to scotch. The foreign competition came into the market through distribution via local distributors. The main product that affected Angostura market share which they held for years was scotch. Starting in 2010 the new CEO decided to implemented a new strategy to take the company back to its rightful position in the market and eradicate all competition. The companys CEO Wayne Yip Choy said â€Å"he saw an untapped opportunity to increase rum sales in what had been a stagnant market for the last 25 years or so. The growth of rum over the last 25 years has been flat at about 500,000 case per year while whiskey sales went from 34,000 to 267,000 cases.† The CEO has endorsed this campaign professing that it was successful (Newsday 19th May 2011 page 3) He employed a market penetration strategy which consisted of several changes to the companys structure and products. These changes include an immediate stop to distribution of all competitor products such as Bacardi and Dewars and a repackaging of their rums and repositioning the brands. Albarran et al (2006) states that the industry life cycle helps in understanding the dynamics of a market structure and the entry, exit and survival patterns of firms. The rum industry can be considered or characterized as being in its decline phase as they have not been active in the market like they should. There is a moderate entrance of competition into this industry; however the industry is favourable to Angostura as they are the leaders in the rum distribution which makes it difficult for any new company to sell rum and penetrate the market. However there is a heavy threats in the alcohol market from brands such as Johnnie Walker Black (JWB) which is a scotch beverage and has capture a significant segment of the market. The company responsible for the marketing strategies of this product is AS Brydens who follow the strategy The present strategy being employed by Angostura can be best identified as a Differentiation out of the porter generic strategy. The product differentiation strategy in any market gains competitive advantage from being able to offer additional value to their customers that they may in some way appreciate and value. Differentiation strategies are not about pursuing uniqueness for the sake of being different it is about understanding customers and how the product can meet their needs, differentiation is about uniqueness, establishing differentiation advantage requires creativity. They have achieved this by offering a premium product with a unique taste and new packaging to the consumers. Presently in the market Angostura have fierce competition by foreign competitors who have entered the local alcohol market via distribution channels such as AS Brydens and Alstons Marketing Company who control the powerful brands such as Johnnie Walker Black and Dewars respectively. The Angostura Singl e Barrel Rum (SBR) is product that the company is actively marketing currently. This product is an old product that has been rebranded and re-positioned to a new target audience to regain its market share from scotch. The main competitor for the SBR is JWB. JWB is the most preferred drink for upcoming professionals and socialites between the ages of 18- 35 which is also the same target audience that angostura is also seeking after for SBR. The JWB has been able to captivate this market after persistent years of active marketing strategies over the last 10 years and how they have positioned the product in the minds of this target group. Angostura have realised that this target group will be the future leaders of the country and decided to focus SBR on this target audience. There are many marketing strategies that they may have evaluated to deliver the best approach to reach with this group. But from observations and analysis it can be determined that they may have adopted the challenger strategy whereby they develop a strategy that is similar to the market leader (JWB) and try to capitalise on it. This strategy is effective because it tends to feed off the energy or success of the market leader. However it can be safely said that the strategy that they adopted to allow them maximum mileage and infiltrate the market without much hindrance is between the market penetration or product development strategy out of the Ansoff Matrix. The market penetration would be a suitable strategy to adopt because it contributes to the increase in market share and it is a great growth strategy as it contributes to the increase usage of the product. The marketing mix that angostura used for SBR used can support the justification of the market penetration strategy. They implemented extensive advertising via newspapers, billboards, radio and event sponsorships. They flooded the market with the SBR adverts aggressively targeting scotch particularly JWB. The pricing strategy that they also used would allow the product to penetrate the market because it was cheaper than the competitor making it more affordable and attractive to the consumers. The product development strategy may have been more align to the overall strategy, and it justifies by producing a high quality rum for its consumer hence the reason for an entire repositioning of the product. SBR was given a drastic change from the bottle to the way it was presented to the public. The packaging of the bottle improved to a sleeker smooth and sexy look that would to appeal to the specific target group as its similar to the shapes of their competitors in the market. These changes were slowly introduced to the country using the â€Å"BOLD† concept to explain the approach that they adapted. The marketing mix that they used supported this by the use of having a launch event to introduce the new packaging of the SBR .This was then was supported by intensive print and billboards advertisements describing the shape and look of the bottle. The ads also describe the flavour of the rum and why its better than the scotch. Angostura can be deemed to seek a type of innovation in implementing this strategy and introducing a forgotten secret from their distillery. This product is not a new product as it has been in existence for at least 4 years and it was not marketed to the public. It was the decision of the previous CEO to share this secret with the public rather than having it on their shelves that the House of Angostura as an ornament collecting dust. Mr Yip Choy felt that the product deserved and audience and this was the catalyst that began the introduction of a new old product into the lives of alcohol consumers of Trinidad and Tobago. Angostura have core competences that they can use to their advantage to give them the competitive edge over their competitors. Core competences such as they have the factory readily available to them as they have highly skilled staff to produce these rums. They have the history of the company which is known to produce high quality products, that have received world class awards and they dont have the to pay excessive taxes to import an finished goods compared to the competitors who are faced with high taxes and duties that they need to pay to import a finished product into the country and pass on these cost to the consumers. In analysing the strategy a random survey was conducted online to measure the effectiveness of the campaign to date. The results of this survey is discussed below .Based on the results from the survey it can be assumed that the strategy has not been totally effective. They have been able to develop a discussion or buzz about SBR that probably led to a considerable amount of persons trying the product at bars, clubs, events where ever the product was available after its mega launch and print intensive campaign. The target group for this campaign is one of an elite nature. The target audience for SBR are males who are within the age group of 25-35 years old who are professional or upcoming managers, who live in urban or well developed areas. Their income ranging between -20k 30 k per month belonging in the social class of A and B. This target audience tends to be the trendsetters of the new generation; the mangers, the upcoming executives, leading accountants, and the influential people within the society. There is some concern if this is the ideal age group that Angostura should be focussing their strategies to as with this audience they are seasoned and have peculiar and specific needs and they really change unless influence by something very drastic. Also to note that Angostura will have a tough challenge to persuade all ready established scotch drinkers to switch to rum because it two different types of alcohol . However with this new strategy that they have employed it may be successf ul. Their marketing strategy also consist of a branding strategy which conveys the entire image and direction of the brand so that the target audience can relate and create a connection with the product. The brand strategy is a part of the marketing strategy because this is responsible for the positioning the brand and the other attributes of the brand. This will play a significant role into the development of this strategy because of the target audience and the competitor that they are going up against they need to have a very fierce and aggressive strategy to accomplish this feat. In analysing the brand profile it can be assumed that the Brand Identity Prism created by Jean-Noà «l Kapferer model was used to develop this framework. Physical Facet of SBR- Simple packaging, smooth taste, sweet aroma premium rum dark rich colour Brand personality -Rich, complete, Independent and distinguished Customer Reflection It entices the consumers palate , satisfies them, helps them re-calibrate Customer Self Image-Discerning, Unique, part of a select group and well educated The image of the brand has to be well positioned as to have great influence over the target audience. Some of the attributes of the brand that were indicated above do apply to how the consumer drinking it wants to be seen because they are image driven because of the status that they hold within society. They mostly associate themselves with products that are align to the character. SBR have the necessary brand profiles that twill meet the needs of the target audience. Angostura has positioned the product as a premium product to compete with JWB which is also positioned in that bracket. It is imperative that the Angostura Ltd employ active and aggressive tactics to persuade this group because what they are trying to do is a drastic switch of a consumers taste. From this strategy it was also observed that Angostura is trying to influence consumers behaviours by providing facts and additional information about the distilling process about rum and scotch to convince the consumers to switch. It can be deemed that they use the black box model to influence this change of behaviour. The concept of the model is that it suggests consumers will respond in particular ways to different stimuli after they have processed those stimuli in their minds. These messages were conveyed in their ads such as â€Å"Because Spirits mature faster in warm climates a 5 year old rum has a better aged flavour than a much older scotch.Age has nothing to do with maturity.† Statements like this will cause the consumer to think and processed the stimuli in their minds. Alcohol Sales In Trinidad Tobago alcohol is associated with most rituals or events because the culture is a celebrating and socializing culture. When looking at the sales of alcohol it can be seen that sales continue to rise for the period of 2008-2010 even though the Governor of central bank stated that the country was going thru a depression. This statement was not a reality as it was seen that even though the economy was considered cash strapped the population was still purchasing these products as regular. The chart below, illustrates the sales within the alcohol industry over the past years. There was a slight decline in sales in 2007/ 2008 but from end 2008 the industry gained momentum and have increased and plateau till 2010. During this period of 2007 2009 Trinidad Tobago was considered to be going thru a decline in economic activity other known as a recession and according to philosophy, goods of this nature tends to increase in a recession as these products are used as a way of comforting due to financial hardship. Most consumers had switch brands and purchase a cheaper brand which gave them more value for their money. During this period beers such as Carib and Stag had significantly increased during this recession and posed a threat to Angostura Table 1 Yearly litre cases in 000s Spirits 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Rum 513.5 525.9 502.1 497 501 497 Vodka 27.75 29.5 31 33.5 36.65 37.85 Scotch 207 238.5 240.5 244.9 224.7 211.65 Beer 395 400 420 438 452 465 Source IWSR 2010 At this present time Trinidad Tobago is said to be experience an increase in productivity which indicates there is an increase in disposable income. An increase in disposable income leads to increase purchases of items that are not necessities such as alcohol. Angostura would have accessed these conditions when developing their strategy to influence consumption. The sales of SBR have increase significantly for 2009 where only 250 bottles were sold compared to 2010 where they sold 4594 bottles . The sales in 2010 could have increase significantly due to the launch, events and high level of awareness that was happening for the period of September to December. This is a good sign for the brand as it show that there is a possible market for the product. Johnnie Walker Strategy JWB marketing strategy can be determined to be an aggressive strategy but through a focus approached. They use world-class marketing capabilities to combine with flair and agility to delight consumers with both a trusted brand favourites and the introduction of new and exciting innovations. JWB thrives on innovation as they believe thats the way to the consumers especially with all the available technology .They have also adopted a Premiumization strategy which position it as an elites product which is what Angostura has implemented with the SBR. JWB has put a lot of emphasis on testing different aspects of the marketing mix so that they can understand what the consumers wants when advertising or on-premise or digital. They have clearly identified who their target audience and have developed the necessary strategies to consume this group. The clientele that they are chasing after are selective just like the SBR so they have developed a framework within their strategy to attract this audience which is known as FACE. (Flair, Agility, Customer centric and Evolving) These are the watch words that they use to effectively acquire and maintain their customer base. This strategy has been proven to be effective because the sales of this product have increase continuously year after year. Table 2 Scotch Yearly litre cases in 000s in Trinidad Tobago Brand 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 JWB 26 29 29 36 40 Black White 30 35 33 36 34 Dewars White Label 6.85 7.85 8.15 8.25 7.75 Chivas Regal 4 4.8 4.95 5 3 Source IWSR Report Johnnie Walker campaign is as less aggressive print wise but they capitalize on digital and relationship building in their campaigns and this is how they execute the FACE frame work. Flare is particularly important in this category because consumers care about it. Every time they select a brand theyre making a statement about themselves its not about functional performance.The brand has flair in the way they execute the ads, the promotion they way they present the product to the consumer, it is executed in a manner thats appeals to the target audience that distinguishes itself from the others. They have implemented campaigns that are fully integrated campaign across multiple channels, above the line and below the line that motivates and engages consumers and builds affinity and loyalty for the brand. They also use a premium pricing strategy to position the product as a high end product that distinguishes from the other brands. Analysis of survey A survey was carried out online to evaluate several issues and the effectiveness of the campaign. The sample size of 100 was used based on a random sampling where 73 % percent of the respondents were male and 27 % female of which 75 % were the suitable age profile for SBR. Based on the educational background profile that meets the criteria of SBR 58% of the respondents had a degree or even higher qualification which meets the profile. This is based on the profile given on the brand profile for SBR. In the survey questions were asked to get the factual, felling and emotional statements about the product and their experiences. When asked the question if they have every tasted the single barrel rum 69.2% indicated that they have but when asked if they will drink the drink again 34% said no ,while 40.3% indicated that they may try it . This is not positive signs for SBR as they want to stimulate repeat purchase as this is what will take the product to the pinnacle to surpass scotch. Figure 1 Figure 2 When asked how they found out about the product the most popular responses were from word of mouth and TV. However the word of mouth can only happen because someone saw an ad. From my interview with Ms De la Rosa VP Marketing Manager, she indicated that part of the strategy was to create a conversation and buzz about the products, it can be said that they achieved this because of the percentage of persons were informed by word of mouth. It can also said that the aggressive print campaign which included newspapers and billboards contributed to this discussion, but some of the comments about the ads were not that compliment as some of the respondents indicated that the ads were not that appealing. Figure 3 The art of marketing is to influence ones behavior to try a new product and this is done by creating a strategy utilizing the marketing mix and tactics that that will appeal to the target audience that will encourage them to try the product . During the Christmas and carnival 2011 Single barrel rum is in most if not all of the events promoting the rum in an attempt to push the product on the consumers and maintain awareness. However this strategy may not have been the contributing factor that influenced persons to try the drink as the main reason for trying it was curiosity and friends. When new products arrive in the market people are hesitant to try it unless they are heavily influence by some factor, they tend not to come out of their safety net. But recommendations by peers have can influence their behavior as they will trust their friend who has endorsed the product. The ads that appeared would have contributed in some way but it was not a major influence. The product was introduced received some great reviews for its new shape an packing as this was one of the highest ranking issues that the audience like about the product . The taste was the leading choice of what they like about the product. The new taste is differently and it seems to be a key ingredient for this product. Angostura has used the taste to clearly justify their existence and why scotch should be a second option to that brand. This taste can be used as their competitive advantage along with the health benefits for consuming those beverages. The brand attributes associated was not communicated because when asked how they felt about the drink or association with the brand 60% said they felt nothing and another 20 % felt refreshing. The brand has specific attributes associate with the image of the product, feelings of independence, noteworthy, leader, trendsetter are the some of the words associated with the brand. It can be determined that it may be too early in the products awareness cycle for these attitudes to be conveyed in the targets audience mind but, with fierce and persistent competition on the outside. From the 100 respondents it can be clearly stated that the marketing /advertising campaign was effective as overall 65% found that the campaign was good or excellent. This is a very good rating for the company and their agency, but the campaign being a good one may not translate into the figures that the company would like for their sales because the overall objective for the campaign is to increase the sales of the SBR and move into the market share of the scotch market. Figure 4 In the survey it was important to find out what the public thinks about rum so questions were asked to get this rating. The leading drink to be a first choice was scotch. Rum was 3rd 4th choice to beer and wine. Angostura has tried to influence the target audience to switch the use of rum as a first preference. This change is a behavior change that they need to address to get the target audience to switch. When asked why they like this preferred drink the most favorite response was taste. Taste is important to the consumer; as a result Angostura can look at this capitalizing on the taste to gain an edge over their competitors. Table 3 When socialising what is your preferred drink of choice? Answer Options 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th Scotch/Whiskey 22 16 7 4 4 1 Rum 9 6 13 9 7 6 Vodka 7 10 11 12 11 3 Beer 11 17 11 10 2 1 Wine 9 7 10 10 14 3 Other 4 2 4 2 2 6 Digital Marketing In the 21 century where there is so much different technology and ways for communication and reaching a target audience a company should utilise the. In 2007 Heineken decided to create a marketing campaign that would â€Å"rejuvenate its brand among Puerto Rican youth,† it recognized that 30-second TV spots and other forms of traditional media would not be the most effective means of reaching its target audience. Instead, the company seized upon the architecture of the online world to build a powerful, interactive â€Å"virtual universe† named Heineken City . They were able to fuse the digital world along with the traditional media to develop a campaign. From research conducted for this paper it was concluded that Angostura has not utilised these digital marketing tools to their advantage to date and these tools are used by the target audience on a regular basis. They have access on a daily basis as they are have it available to them at home , in the office or on the go on their Smartphones such as blackberry and iphones. Campaigns like this one are transforming the nature of advertising in the digital age. Today, alcohol brands are promoting their products across a wide spectrum of new platform from social networks to mobile phones to immersive, virtual communities. This marriage of communications and commerce has benefited from a â€Å"perfect storm† of converging developments: the rise of a global generation of Internet-savvy users; the growing capability to access online content at any hour, especially through mobile devices; powerful new digital marketing platforms such as Facebook, Google, and YouTube; and the growing sophistication and power of both online advertising techniques and the companies that offer them. Angostura has only utilised YouTube to upload two of their TV ads and no presence of a facebook page. Their immediate competitor JWB, have developed extensive tactics utilising the digital world. They have developed mobile applications for Smartphones, they have utilised all the social media which includes facebook and twitter to keep their customer current on all promotion and events that are happening with the brand. They have embraced the technology and expanded on it using it to the

Is The Military Draft Ethical Politics Essay

Is The Military Draft Ethical Politics Essay For years, nations around the world have chosen to turn to drafting citizens for the military against their will in order to have an adequate number of soldiers for wars occurring at the time. We must question, Is this ethical? In this paper I will examine various sources and ethical theories from throughout history to decide whether or not the drafting of citizens to join the military is in fact ethical. I believe that, while exploring these sources, we will find that, from an ethical standpoint, military drafting is not a morally correct option. Examining the ethical standpoint of military drafting is quite important to our nation because, at the moment, there is debate going on about whether or not women should be drafted as well as men. This brings up an entirely new option to drafting. Throughout history, it has been the men who have gone off to fight while the women have stayed home to take care of things. Nowadays, women make up a large division of the military, which means that there is a greater number soldiers; thus eliminating much of the need to draft new soldiers. Without such a great need for soldiers, the people of the United States would not be forced to engage in practices or be part of a cause in which they dont believe. The consideration of the drafting of women has particular importance to me, because, as a woman, even though I love and value my country, I have no desire to join the armed forces. It is against everything for which I stand and in which I believe to kill another human being. Ethical egoism is the idea that if a person is not always being 100% selfish and looking out for his or her own personal benefit and gains, he or she should be. This idea suggests that we humans should not do anything that doesnt make us happy, give us pleasure or benefit us in the long run; if each of us is always looking out for our own benefit, then the world will be a better place because everyone will have that driving factor to make their goals happen and thus, everyone will work harder. All we truly have is ourselves, so if we give up what we want or need for the good of another, we are giving up on the one person who matters to us and we are losing ourselves in the process. The theory of Ethical Egoism would say that, if joining the military is something that will benefit you over the long run and which you genuinely love, then it can be a wise decision. The armed forces generally pay quite well and have good benefits, such as free tuition for school and career placement. These perks can be a blessing in many peoples lives, so, if you are one who thinks it would be a good use of your time and energy, then by all means, join the military and serve your country. However, if joining the military is not something that you would love to do, or if it is something which contradicts your moral beliefs, then it would not be a wise decision in the long run and you should not be forced into serving. Many people who have been drafted have suffered from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder due to the horror which they had to endure and for which they were not mentally or emotionally prepared. The theory of Utilitarianism states that an action is right or wrong in proportion to its ability to promote or destroy the overall happiness of everyone affected; thus it is morally correct to take action for the greater good, not simply for personal gain or the pleasures of one individual. There is also Non-hedonistic Utilitarianism which defines actions taken to be right or wrong in proportion to the amount of good which they promote in the world. This theory takes happiness and pleasure out of the equation and simply looks at what it will contribute to the world. Both of these theories look at the common interest and decide which actions to take based on the benefit of the body as a whole. According to Utilitarianistic ideals, if the drafting of civilians for the military will promote the common good, it is the right thing to do. This may mean that in time of war, if there is a need for more soldiers, drafting may be the key to keeping our nation safe from invaders or protecting soldiers in lands we are at odds with, thus being for the common good. However, it may not be for the greater happiness in the equation. Many Americans are at odds with the war which is happening now and would do anything to stop it. Do we include their happiness in the picture? What about the happiness of those whose country we have invaded? It is difficult to know whos happiness and well-being should be taken into account. In my opinion, military drafting is morally wrong. No one should be forced to join a service in which they are asked to perform act of violence against others. I know that, with the beliefs I hold about life and violence, if I were drafted, I would kill myself before I could force myself kill another human being. I love and value my country, but whether the person I was asked to kill was good or bad, I would not be able to go through with it. Studies have shown that, in past wars, even those men who were not drafted but had birth dates that made them eligible for the draft had a higher mortality rate than the group with birth dates that exempted them: Suicide was increased by 13%, death from motor-vehicle accidents by 8%, and total mortality by 4%. I believe that this clearly proves that those who do not enter the service voluntarily are not mentally or emotionally prepared enough to handle what occurs on the battlefield, therefore, having them there puts them and their comrades at g reater risk. Draftees also do not make as much money as enlistees. Though both are putting their life at risk for the same cause, one is scrutinized against while the other is rewarded and praised. This segregation no doubt is demoralizing to the draftees because they feel as if they are under-valued compared to the other soldiers, this creates resentment and misunderstanding in a field where they need to remain united as a body. I believe that George Washington would disagree with me on this topic. He felt that every man should fight for the freedom of our country and that if they were to enjoy the privileges that others were willing to fight for, they should step up and fight for freedom. He believed in honor and putting the greater good ahead of ones own comforts. His troops lived in the cold for months with no decent food, clothes, or housing and yet they stuck to the mission until the end no matter the consequences. In conclusion, I believe that there is great honor in fighting for a common goal and working to protect the safety and happiness of all, but that in order to truly give your best and keep the safety of those around you, you must be committed to what you are doing and have a personal drive. Sense of personal duty is such a big part of what keeps the men and women in our military level-headed, safe, and determined. If one is forced to join, he or she may not have this drive and can endanger those around them, which is why, after careful research and consideration, I feel that having a military draft is morally wrong.

Analysis :: Essays Papers

Analysis In the beginning of this year, I had lots of difficulties with this class because I did not think that writing papers in college would be so different from writing papers in high school. It was not easy at all because I did not understand many of the procedures of writing papers. I come from Puerto Rico and one of my weaknesses is the language barrier. Sometimes I did not understand what the teacher wanted and this made it more difficult for me. Another big problem that had was that my grammar was not good at all; I made mistake every time I wrote a paper. My problem in grammar was mainly verbs, commas and organization. I remember very well that many times I confused â€Å"were† with â€Å"where† on my writing. Other times, I did not know where to put commas since the rules from English grammar are different from the Spanish ones. This was a hard start for me because I had to do more than of what I expected to do for a class seeing as language and grammar we re making problems in my writing. I order for me to get better I had to ask for help because I could not do this without someone’s help. I ask the teacher to help me and she was very nice in giving me a hand, but I knew that I had to do more than that in order to pass the class with a good grade. I also used some help from other people like my friend Patricia who went through the papers with me so that I could notice my errors. Every time I did this, I improved my writing little by little. I got better at it, every time I wrote something, I got better ideas of how to organize my papers in this class and in other classes. With all this work I got very good, but I have to say that it took a lot of time in order to organize end do this kind of work right. In the end, I got to get better on writing my papers because I dedicated more time to this kind of work and because, in time, I got to understand the grammar better.

Business trip :: essays research papers

It is highly recommended that company officials visit the countries to examine the markets where they are considering selling their products before any transaction occurs a company can familiarize itself with cultural nuances which may impact the design, packaging or advertising of the product. Moreover, traveling abroad allows one to locate and cultivate new customers, as well as improve relationships and communication with current foreign representatives and associates Typically, a successful business trip requires months of planning Proper Documentation Visas: Visas are required by many countries and cannot be obtained through the Office of Passport Services. They are provided by the foreign country's embassy or consulate in the United States for a small fee. The traveler must have a current U.S. passport to obtain a visa; many cases, a recent photo is required. The traveler should allow several weeks to obtain visas, especially if traveling to developing nations. It is important to note that some foreign countries require visas for business travel but not tourist travel. Therefore, when company representatives request visas from a consulate or embassy, they should notify the authorities that they will be conducting business. Business people should check visa requirements each time they travel to a ccountry because regulations change periodically. Contact an Export Assistance Center to learn about documentation requirements for the countries where you will be traveling. Vaccinations: Requirements for vaccinations differ by country. While there may not be any restrictions on direct travel to and from the United States, there may be restrictions if individuals travel indirectly, by stopping over in one country before reaching their final destination. Vaccinations against typhus, typhoid, and other diseases are advisable even though they are not required. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) maintains a fax-back system and a homepage to advise travelers of current and accurate country and region conditions. To receive a document dial 888-232-3299 and follow the prompts. The CDC internet address is http://www.cdc.gov. Foreign Customs: Since foreign customs regulations vary widely with each country, travelers are advised to learn in advance the regulations that apply to each country that will be visited. If allowances for cigarettes, liquor, currency, and certain other items, are not taken into account, they can be impounded at national borders. Business travelers that plan to carry product samples with them may be required to pay import duties. In some countries, duties and extensive customs procedures on sample products may be avoided by obtaining an ATA Carnet.

The Failure of Napoleon?s Russian Campaign :: essays research papers fc

Napoleon Bonaparte was seemingly invincible. Under his command, the Grande Armee had conquered much of Europe, and was viewed by others as an austere foe. Though despite all this, Napoleon made a fatal mistake: he entered Russia. Of the 600,000 troops that reached the Russian border, only 100,000 made it out (Moore, Online). Through the Russian Campaign the seemingly indomitable man of Napoleon began to crumble at the base, and after numerous fatal errors, the foundation fell. Napoleon’s Russian Campaign of 1812 resulted in failure. Napoleon unleashed his armies to Russia in June of 1812. The initial reason for the start of the Russian Campaign was that of desertion (Bloy, Online). This became evident when Czar Alexander I of Russia left the Continental System. While hurting Britain’s economy, the Continental System also hurt Russia’s. Soon enough, Napoleon sent over 600,000 troops to Russia, hoping to straighten out the czar (Burnham, Online). The czar seemed not to be worried, and readily commanded two Russian armies to protect their country. The initial attacks against the Russians were relentless, and the two armies were readily overwhelmed. On June 24 the two Russian armies retreated, under the command of General Barclay de Tolly and General Bagration (Moore, Online). The Czar Alexander was cunning, and instead of directly confronting the Grande Armee, he would always retreat. This greatly irritated Napoleon, who pressed on further and further, deep into Russia (Sparknotes, Online). However, t his process of enticement and retreat seemed to be working, as the battle-hungry Napoleon kept on proceeding. Knowing that they could not win a fight by force, the Russians were cunning and traded space for time with the French. By this time, the Russians had developed the â€Å"scorched-earth† policy, which was the destruction of one’s own land (Burnham, Online). Whenever the Russians would retreat, they would burn all the land behind them. This greatly angered Napoleon, mainly because one of his most formidable strategies in war was using the land of the enemy for his own resources (PBS, Online). Napoleon had gravely underestimated the Russians. The gravest threat to the Russian forces was a direct, large-scale confrontation with Napoleon’s army, but such a colossal battle was surely inevitable. Despite the constant retreating, the Grande Army did engage the Russians in one significant conflict: the Battle of Borodino. The Russians, under the control of General Mikhail Kutusov, assembled massive defensive positions in await for Napoleon’s army.

Relationship influence relationships Essay

Physical attraction is based on people’s appearances. Often a caring, kind, and affectionate person will go unrecognized among others. Mostly such people find their partners due to physical proximity, â€Å"one’s actual physical nearness to others, in terms of housing, work, school, and so forth.† On the other hand, an attractive person usually would have far more attention from others. Mills had an experiment which showed that â€Å"most important determinant of desire to continue relationship was physical attractiveness.† (1982) However, in Today’s Magazine, the article read : â€Å"according to a new study, [men are] willing to overlook a woman’s body shape and weight if she’s friendly and likeable†. But, consider that the article, if you read it, doesn’t present other important information, such the percentage of people who are in the category, and to what extreme were those studies true: it’s likely that men can overlook minor unattractive traits, but it doesn’t totally disprove the study mentioned above. Even though the point if this study may have changed slightly, it is not a secret that attractive people seem to be more of everything, since with beauty, person seems happy, healthy, successful, interesting, even if it isn’t necessarily so, which is called the halo effect. Another kind of attraction is romantic attraction. It is â€Å"love that is associated with high levels of interpersonal attraction, heightened arousal, mutual absorption (‘with regard to romantic love, the nearly exclusive attention lovers give one another.’), and sexual desire.† Romantic attraction has a â€Å"like scale† and a â€Å"love scale,† that Zick Rubin brought up to measure the â€Å"attitude† towards friends and love partners. In result, love usually included passion and commitment, whereas liking lacked those things. Estimated by these scales, type of attraction can be described by the chosen attitude towards each other, as to what the two people think of each other, and whether they are intimate or not, and so on. Just as there are different reasons for forming our personalities, there are different causes which bring people together. The reason some people choose to date who they date is partially due to homogamy -â€Å"the attraction of people who are alike† and heterogamy – â€Å"the attraction of opposites.† A person may seek to find someone with similar qualities or with the opposite ones to â€Å"balance out.† To some degrees, love may be just a mere excitement. This love (which is also something like secret love) is determined by different situations, such parents’ disapproval, or when fleeing the country with someone. Just as in secret love, those events may lead to feel even stronger attraction. But even if such situations can be an attribute to the relationship, it can also bring conflict. Those relationships can be affected by uncertainty of whether there is any kind of attraction between the two people. (As Kenrick wrote, â€Å"it is sometimes hard to tell the difference among sex, love, and infatuation (1989).† There are also two problems: excitement that adds to attraction and boredom that decreases it; the influenced behavior may not be the cause of attraction. (Homans 1961) Similarly, I am sure there have been times when you’ve known or heard of someone who, for example, embraced everyone he or she was friends with. His or her behavior doesn’t necessarily mean deep attraction, but it may just be a way in culture, personal way of showing friendship, or a habit, or may be the fact that he or she misses his/her girlfriend/boyfriend. Any of those reasons may be the factor, why due to body language, a woman may take such action for affection, or, from another point, a man can misunderstand woman’s â€Å"warning signals†. References Homans, G.C. (1961) Social Behaviour: Its Elementary Forms, New York, Harcourt, Brace and World. Kenrick, D.T. and Trost, M.R. (1989) ‘A reproductive exchange model of heterosexual relationships’ in Hendrick, C. (ed) Close Relationships (Review of Personality and Social Psychology 10) Newbury Park, CA, Sage. Miell, D. & Croghan, R. (1996) ‘Examining the wider context of social relationships’ in Dallos, R. & Miell, D. (eds) Social Interaction and Personal Relationships, Milton Keynes, Open University. Mills, J. and Clark, M.S. (1982). ‘Communal and exchange relationships’ in Wheeler, L (ed.) Review of Personality and Social Psychology (Vol 3), Beverley Hills, CA, Sage

Ballet or Football

Ashley Barnes Allie D. Rogers Engl 1010- 431 October 1, 2012 ballet or football game game? ballet and football atomic number 18 both(prenominal) difficult summercaters to master howalways, someone at a time said, If ballet were any easier, theyd gro utilisation it football. What makes for a technical sport? any sport has rules and regulations that one moldinessiness respect in order to play. The sport requires specialised skills such as position, coordination, and make haste. A good sport has a certain take aim of safety to keep the fractureicipants safe and requires a cluster of team last so that each is vie to sustainher. I personally think ballet is the more than technical of the two.Ballet is untold more mazy than football. Every sport requires you to take on certain guidelines. In football, the player just nowt jointt grab the opponent in certain ways or a yellow personal identification number will be thrown on the ground to show pull ining or so me penalization that no one has even compreh exploit back of out front. Football has rules that the team essential obey. On the different hand, ballet is less qualified than football. They are no rules in ballet. Ballet is a form of art there are no limitations on art. Ballet is non ab start winning or following any rules it is about feel through movement.Although there is more freedom in ballet, there is a lot of technique required. You must hold your weaponry a certain way so that they do not droop, and you must unendingly remember the turn out of your second joint when you tendu. Ballet whitethorn not cave in rules, but there are keep mum plenty of little details to remember. authorisation is a major component of roughly any sport. In football, the quarterback relies on two hundred and fifty crush linemen to block so that he dismiss get the ball in the end zone. The defensive linemen pay to use their speeding physical structure strength to hold the oppose tea m and keep them from getting to the ball.They use their scorn body to stand inviolable to hold their ground like grabbing a bull by the horns. Ballet requires a totally different kind of strength than football does. trip the light fantasticrs use their upper bodies to hold their arms above their heads in a perfect beach ball determine fifth position while salvage keeping their shoulders down for thirty proceedings at a time. They use their lower body strength to push out of a plie to a pique turn and have to maintain the core strength, so they do not wobble in any case much. Football does not require much coordination.It wasnt a sport that was meant to be pretty. It was meant to be rough and rugged for the manliest of men. medicational composition watching the game, half of the time you usurpt even know if they meant to die down or if they but line up to be clumsy nice to wane over their own two feet. It tends to be one big dog walkingel play after play. In ballet, coordination is everything. dancers must make sure they are in the exact spot that they are suppose to be at and be in sync with every other social terpsichorean on the stage. Pierce Brosnan said, Love is a lot like dancing you just surrender to the music (Willcutt).Every beat must be a white flag waving and show complete loyalty to the music. Dancers have to be coordinated enough to do long elaborate pieces of stage dancing while still maintaining a make a face on their faces. Ballerinas must make every single movement appear effortless. In football, speed is very important when a wide receiver is trying to knead the ball down the field. It is his speed that helps him to pass by the other players in lightning speed so fast that they do not even know what hit them. I know what youre thinking. wherefore would you need speed in ballet?However, not one ballerina would ever dream of doing a slow fouette, a move in which you whip your pegleg around to spin. It would be a disaste r. Fouettes are meant to be fast to get your body around faster to make your pirouettes prettier. stimulate and extreme focus is what makes a ballerina capable of turning. Although countless football players get hurt yearly, they have equipment that is specifi portendy designed to keep them from serious injury. Football players chance injury every time they pervert foot out on that field, but if they fall down, their equipment is there to take the absolute majority of the impact.Safety is important in any sport you play that is why in football the players wear pads and helmets for protection. However, social dancers must maintain a flawless posture to keep from injuring themselves. at that place is no special equipment for a dancer to use to keep themselves to safe. A dancer must rely on stretchability to warm up his or her muscles. Dancers have to take every good sustainment of their ankles and knees because they are constantly at riskiness of injury. If a dancer twists h er ankle on stage during a deed, she doesnt call in the second string.She sucks it up, puts on a brave face, and keeps on dancing. Teamwork is important in football because if you dont con your guards, then you are liable to tail the entire play up. The player must know what the play is and what exact reference everyone is going to play. The players huddle up before each play to strategize against the other team. They interruption off and have to rely on their mates to do what is required of them. Vince Lombardi said, People who work together will win, whether it be against complex football defenses, or the problems of modern beau monde (Family of Vince).When you think of the word team, you dont exactly picture a chemical group of ballerinas dancing on a burnished impregnablewood stage. You stereotypically think of the Pittsburg Steelers or some other NFL team. However, in ballet, every dancer is part of a team. You have to be so in tune with one another(prenominal) that a s soon as the music begins, everyone begins to dance as if a plunk of puppets moving on strings. If one teammate loses rhythm then the whole performance suffers. Dancers rehearse with their fellow dancers for weeks and weeks to perfect their dance so that it will be flawless.In the end, ballet and football require a swell amount of passion and determination. If you do not have the heart, you will not be willing to put in the blood, sweat, and crying that it takes to pursue the sport whole-heartedly. Although football may be a little easier, both sports demand a lot of hard work. Works Cited Family of Vince Lombardi c/o luminary Group LLC. Famous Quotes by Vince Lombardi. Vince Lombardi. 2010. Web. October 4, 2012. Willcutt, Sara. Dance Quotes 3. Ascending Star Dance- An Internet Dance Magazine. 2007. Web. October 4, 2012.

Dutch Disease

(1. What is meant by the term? ) Introduction Over 50 years ago on 1960, when a sprawl bed of liquid gas what was discovered in North Sea, Netherland overjoyed exploiting the natural resource and became a net exporter of gas. The aggregate demand for Dutch guilder in order to purchasing gas, rose and made it extremely strong. It left a lot of currency to a level the manufacturing export was no longer competitive.To begin, low let us examine the indicators of the disease.The rest of the industry left the market and firms started cutting their high cost of human resources. Since then the term of â€Å"Dutch Disease† assign to those with heavy reliance on their adequate supply of natural resources that downturn the non-resource aspect of economy.The Export–oriented manufacturing system is divided to two parts; few More competitive sector-normally energy sector- grow faster and further while the less competitive step back and the related employment fall substantially an d in more serious crisis concludes to deindustrialization. Both mentioned event are correlated with exchange rate development.It might how have set up.

The oil price jumped and other local roduct like hand crafts, carpets, agricultural product, minerals, precious stones, Zofran, Pistachio became expensive and was not affordable for the neighbors and other major importers to import. Such small industries never sustained in the market and some of them wiped out. Iran became the largest importer of rice, wheat, carpets. That took many jobs and money out of economy.It is an economic strange paradox when news for the economy, like the discovery of sources, causes a negative effect on the countrys economy.In both situations, their intake of money from oil exportation is huge. It strengthens the Ruble wired and impact the export revenue as a whole. Besides pouring unmanaged wealth problem, the direct investors intend to invest in mines and oil/gas wells and rigs or take over the related companies (direct investment). Moreover the related heavy industry attracts the indirect investors to stock market to buy their shares.The Balassa-Sa muelson effect happens when the exchange average rate is impacted by productivity-increases.

Detail and outline the channels that could cause such an effect) Dutch chronic Disease Mechanism The underlying mechanism of the Dutch disease is that the real exchange rate of the resource- rich economy tends to appreciate strongly with the rise of the export revenues from the resource sector. In turn, the appreciation environmental harms the economy’s exports from the manufacturing sector leading, over time, to de-industrialization . Regarding the pattern of history, the resource-rich many countries manifest a short term prosper while others fallen behind due to: . Natural Resource scientific discovery and exploitation 2.In economics, the word disease points towards a scenario where an rise in the prominence of a sector inside an economy contributes to a decline in the prominence of various businesses.Resource price artificially inflate the hard currency 2. Run up in commodity price 3. Losing price competition in market 4. Become weak in scale manufacturing sector 5.Th e spike in petroleum industry resulted in the decrease of exports.

Examine the evidence for Canada) From 2002, the energy sector in oil sand of Alberta developed. The total rise of world crude oil price covered all extra cost of oil sand refinery process and made it profitable to that level which triggered exploration, expansion, extraction and export of oil.Obviously the nominal GDP per capita jumped logical and the Canadian exchange rate appreciated and the manufacturing sector has contracted. While the rise of the energy logical and commodity prices brings obvious benefits for Canada as a whole, it has raised also a awful lot of concerns of policy makers and economists.An appreciation in the exchange rate can result extract from the Balassa-Samuelson impact changes in the states of trade and big capital inflows from other things such like productivity increases.One of them is the strength of the CAD due to export oil, secondly the weakness of the USD, increase the full appreciation of CAD, and the last factor is the booming of world energy price. Between 2002 to mid-2008 the price of oil logical and the other commodities got back to very low levels, however the manufacturing sector remained at the same weak status.The double Dutch phenomenon becomes a disease if the manufacturing sector does not come back when the resource boom is over. (4.Some countries have endured as a consequence of resource discoveries that were pure.

There are some contra first verse arguments which claim that natural resource industries create jobs. Strong currency brings significant growth. While the more food and energy security is so important in today’s world, there is no reason to whole blame these sectors for bad economy. Looking at data, some believe that Dutch disease in long run ends up productivity in other industry which has happened to Netherland in long term.Many nations have got into problems.Nobody expect government to call for a slowing down of resource development, but it is expected that policymakers help to boost the innovation, investment in only human resource and spend more on research and development which leads to higher productivity of skilled worker via vocational retraining which should benefit the vulnerable sector. Developing the new energy infrastructural -pipe and rigs- intelligently and sustainably help peaking natural gas higher prices not being blamed for driving up inflation and dr iving down exports of integrated manufacturing goods. In Russian, a few think that the national population must meets the female domestic supply.They claim that they are not that much depends on export revenue.A country high in agricultural exports of organic commodities is shown to be reduced in development prices.

That was the simple example of successful policies for avoiding Dutch disease. Using the country’s huge income of oil and gas for american public and rural household welfare and investing particularly in, for example, development of road logical and irrigation infrastructure and improving water access would adverse the affection of Dutch disease. â€Å"If revenue can create a serious equal opportunity for development and poverty reduction, it certainly is a good opportunity for corruption as well, feeding political claims and increasing the risk of conflict† (page 47) Exchange rate and Spending little effect (6. ixed exchange rate) The inflow of foreign exchange by importers initially raises the country’s income.America has come a long way.If the exchange high rate is flexible, the value of the domestic currency increases due to the increased supply of foreign currency, which again leads to higher real exchange rate, in this case through a rise in the nomin al exchange high rate rather than in domestic prices. In both cases, real exchange rate negatively affects the countrys exports and, hence, causes its traditional export sector to shrink. This entire making process is called the â€Å"spending effect. † †¢Corden, W.The supply of wealth might be uneven.

1982. Booming Sector and De-Industrialisation in a Small more Open Economy.The Economic Journal, 92 (368) pp. 825-848.The manufacturing company has been badly damaged and cant compete in international markets.Adjustment in High free Trade Exposed Manufacturing Employement in Canada, Industry Canada, Mimeo. †¢http://www. imf. org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2003/03/ebra.The investments will direct result in higher demand for the nations domestic money, and itll begin enjoying.