Analyse relations of power among actors in a supply chain of your Essay

essay relations of power among actors in a affix kitchen range of your choice - Essay ExampleA cater scope involves all processes that receive and fulfill the customer request. The functions of a provide reach let in marketing, operation, product development, distribution, customer service and finance. This paper seeks to analyze the relations of power among actors in the Wal-Mart supply grasp. The triumph of a fear lies in the management of the actors involved in the supply chain. This results in the achievement of change order to consumers. The most profound challenge in a supply chain is the challenge of wastage. The Wal-Mart supply chain is committed to deliver exceptional value to customers. The management of the supply chain is committed to constructing an effective and responsive supply chain by harmonizing the relations of power among the actors within it. The market place develops a competition of supply chains (Sehgal 2011). The strategic approach to the supply chain is to ensure the activities within the players argon harmonized. The strategic approach to Wal-Mart supply chain The company has invested in core-competences among the players in the supply chain. Wal-Mart is estimated to drive 90, 000 suppliers. astir(predicate) 200 of them are global suppliers e.g. Nestle, Kraft, Unilever and P&G. The actors of the supply chain face competition when passing value to the consumers (Dicker 2005). The companies are expected to deliberate on their role in the Wal-Mart supply chain. ... Wal-Mart supply chain actors have constructed strategies that allow them to remain competitive. Wal-Mart is committed to finding its competitive advantage and outsourcing the non-core competencies. There are several functions through with(p) by multiple firms which are linked to the success of the supply chain. The supply chain is developed upon these strategic links (Seifert 2003). However, the fragmentation of the production process for Wal-Mart has increased the pressure for centralized coordination. The firm has an international bewilder and is expanding to new markets. The supply chain must add value to the firm (Fishman 2006). The management of the Wal-Mart supply chain has recognized that the real competition is not between companies within the supply chain. Rather, it is the competition between supply chains (Dicker 2005). Therefore, Wal-Mart pays attention to the quality and competence of the players within the supply chain. The Wal-Mart retailers, suppliers and transporters work to ensure that the process of chain execution is flawless, smooth to give the firm a competitive advantage. Research indicates that the company that manages its supply chain with excellence wins the largest market share. Importance of power and theory in supply chains Wal-Mart actors Power canister be defined as the ability for a company to own and control resources and assets within supply chains and markets to ensure sustainability in accumulation of value and leveraging the other actors. The practitioners in the Wal-Mart supply chain must identify the most appropriate context before executing a plan. The modern business is changing from appropriating value for oneself to a commitment to passing value to the consumers. In Wal-Mart the supply chain commences

The helpful of technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The helpful of technology - adjudicate ExampleIt is app bent thatwhatever we do in our daily lives we interact with technology. Our interactions with technology may be direct or indirect, but the fact of the matter remains that we are benefiting a lot from technology (Oak Web). Have you ever wondered what the world would be like without technology? Talk about the communication sector, acquit sector - air comport or road transport or water transport, and the financial sector. We carry technology to make all these sectors afloat. Our lives depend solely on these sectors, and without technology, we are not able to gain a smooth life. Technology therefore, makes it easy for use to live.The transport sector has underg iodin a lot of technical advancements throughout the world. Since the invention of the wheel, the transport sector has made incredible transformations. Modernization of the rail transport, road transport and the transport has made it easy for people to transport all so rts of things across the planet. Travelling has been made devalued and people take the shortest quantify possible to get to their destinations. Goods on the other hand, take the least time possible to reach their intended recipients across the continents. This operator that people make huge economic gains. Entrepreneurs are able to make maximum profits from their daily business transactions that involve moving their goods from one place to the other (Oak Web).Africa for instance, is the biggest beneficiaries of technological advancements in the transport sector. Close to all African countries are create economies and therefore, each of them is making large gains out of trading with the rest of the world. The presence of very reliable means of transport to these destinations is of greatest essence to them. Large scale farmers in Africa, especially the ones who are in the peak industry are able to make deliveries to

Economics of Multinational Enterprise Assignment

Economics of Multinational Enterprise - Assignment ExampleOne of the modal values of addressing the risks is by phthisis of operational hedging. This entails introducing a signifi bathroomt degree of flexible in the main operations of a firm. These include the supply chain, channels of distribution, financial positions, and marketing activities (Aghion et al 35). The objective of this strategy is to create flexible operations that discharge rapidly respond to any change in the specie movement. This ensures that the fluctuations that may tint the revenues and the costs are offset. Firms can increase their profits by hedging by adopting various strategies. First, they can source materials thus lowering the costs of transportation resulting in increased profits. Another imperative way that the MNEs can adopt is the use of funds invoicing. This implies that the firm can choose a particular style that ensures the firms prices, as well as those of the competitors, are affected by th e exchange rate in the alike way. This implies that for any firm to retain a competitive position in the market and attain sustainable profits, it can price its products using a volatile currency as long as the competitors use the same price. According to Grassmans Law, MNEs should use a vehicle currency by considering their stability, low act cost, and liquidity. Based on the three aspects, the US dollar has been used as a vehicle currency for a long time by most of Multinational Enterprises. In their efforts to enter the emerging economies, the volume of MNEs undergo challenges that are associated with the legal process, legislative issues as well as technological factors. As a result, the investment flows from the rich countries to the poor countries are adversely affected. However, by initiating strategic economic policies, the investment flows can have similar effects to those of the free trade. One of the strategies that the host countries should emulate is to ensure that t he home currency does not depreciate.

BS (Britsh standard) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

BS (Britsh standard) - Essay ExampleManaging obsolescence has been turn up to be one of the major ch all in allenges for a graduate design engineer as obsolescence faeces adversely affect the life of products in almost all of their stages. The use of commercial parts in systems and the too large increase in commercial products have accelerated the rate of obsolescence. As obsolescence is an inevitable part as far as various products are concerned, the only possible solution is to minimize the rate of obsolescence with congruous and effective management strategies and preparation Obsolescence is inevitable and it cannot be ignored but forethought and careful planning can minimize its impact and its potentially high costs (British Standard p.1). Obsolescence management thus assumes superfluous significance as it is an integral part of design, development, production and in-service support (British Standard p. 1). The British standard is fundamental and it is selected for the purp ose of study due to its unavoidable importance in effective design management systems. The British standard is relevant and significant to any graduate design engineer because it offers certain clear-cut guidelines for establishing a framework for obsolescence management and for planning a cost-effective obsolescence management process that is applicable through all phases of the product life cycle (British Standard p. 1). The standard is applied to all types of products whether they are electronic, electrical or electro-mechanical components. Thus, for a graduate design engineer a thorough knowledge of the various provisions that can ensure the quality and life cycle costs of various products.The process for selecting the British Standard on obsolescence management include the identification of the potential factors that cause o obsolescence, identification of the possible risks involved in the process, calculation of

PETROLEUM POLLUTION IN INTERNATIONAL WATERS -(THE ROLE OF Literature review

PETROLEUM POLLUTION IN global WATERS -(THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AND TREATIES) - Literature review ExampleTo achieve this end, reviewer will concisely and critic on the wholey talk over the literatures structure, contents and evaluate if international laws be appreciated in resolving oil pollution cases in high seas. Content Preventing Oil Spill thru Standards Authors of this literature are Nicholas P. Chereminisinoff and Paul Rosenfeld. They are chemical engineer and environmental chemist respectively with expertise on environmental pollution saloon and ecological restoration programs. Chereminisinoff and Rosenfeld aimed to share high impact contribution on pollution control processes by probing into petroleum industry to document best management practices and models, cleaner production of technologies and pollution saloon practices. This is clearly depicted in the title of the journal Pollution Prevention and Cleaner Industry best(p) Practices in Petroleum Industry. Stru cturally, the literatures have no Abstract section but concise topic and themes where explicated in the Preface Section. Authors detailed prevention of oil spill in six chapters, all of which had separate introduction, embody and conclusion. Each chapter has proper author referencing to corroborate studies and they prescribed other references for further reading too. The document is decent of originality for journals, logically concluded with illustration and can be summarized without sacrifice to content. Authors indicated in introduction their serious allude on petroleum pollution in both land, air and high seas citing impact to industries, corporation and vas owners that are supposedly boxed by policies on standard forest control (applied to oil bloodline industry), corporation laws, maritime laws, insurance and environmental policies. Petroleum pollutions devastating impact to ecosystem were all pointed in the introduction citing issues on protection, compliance to regulat ions, toxic management, procedure audit, and the like. Thus, authors at the outset asserted that corporations set-aside(p) in the pedigree and distribution of petroleum across continents should have transparent Environmental Aspects in harmony to internationally ISO standards for standard quality control to prevent disasters and environmental destructions. They urged corporate entities to strictly adhere to regulations by exercising strategic corporate planning, standard operational system, environmental protection standards, risk management, regular performance appraisal and thorough environmental impact assessments. As hypothetical assertion, they argued that corporation should not just pass revenue but must include pollution prevention for cost efficiency, especially that oil extraction and distribution is a capital intensive venture. Authors manifested that they disfavored extractive industrys productivity at the expense of environment and public safety. On methodology, aut hors did not expressly stated how data collection was done but their enchiridion clearly depicted the use of mixed qualitative and quantitative research studies that absorbed empirical facts which cover (a) comprehensive narration about petroleum industry, quality standards required in its facilities and operations and about quality

Vintage cloth trade Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Vintage cloth trade - Research Proposal ExampleYet the proliferation of online euphony and smorgasbord in the customer attitude towards purchase of music has weakened the position of HMV. This paper has conducted a substitute(prenominal) research on HMV to find the loopholes in the current management system and suggest ways in which HMV can improve its future prospects. It has been found that lack of investment in online music business has take to the quick fall of HMV and there are considerable deficiencies in the management system which have except weakened HMVs share. An analysis of the change noted in the customers taste had pointed out the reason pot decline of HMV. Consumers in the digital era have been found to engage in practices such as, plagiarisation and free download, with the support of technology. Improved product differentiation and enhancing customer experience are the possible ways in which HMV can improve its prospects for future.As the last presence of high street music hold on, HMV, which stands for His overcomes Voice, has a long history of 93 years. HMV is typical enough to represent the whole music entertainment industry as the matter of fact that it is the last remaining music retailer. Their first store was born in 1921 and started to sell gramophones, radios and popular music hall recordings (BBC, 2013). The following new era of CDs (Compact Discs) sullen HMV into a hugely profitable music record company successfully during 1980s (BBC, 2013). However, around 2000s, the intention of MP3 has reshaped the traditional pattern that consumers used to listening music. Due to the contribution of digital revolution, which was generated around 2010s, HMVs retail experience is no longer as attractive as it was (BBC, 2013). As the HMVs annual plow in 2012 (Figure) proves that the music giant has started suffer from financial losses and sales decline. Nevertheless, since the music retailer did not react as early enough as it can to embr ace the digital trend, HMV formally went into government activity in

Moodle as a communication tool in CULC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Moodle as a conference tool in CULC - Essay Examplemodular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment or simply Moodle is an Open Source platform for e- larn. It is some eons referred to as course management system or learning management system (LMS) which provides the basis for communication and learning tools which is created for the sole purpose of facilitating e-learning (Moodle, 2006). Given the popularity of Moodle, CULC also implemented the system across its camp customs for the ease of students. Although many advantages atomic number 18 there of Moodle, it has been subjected to criticism as a communication tool in CULC. Critical Evaluation Moodle is an easy source system which subjects it to many criticisms of being of this system. Open source systems as suggested by Petrus and Sanky (2007) are perilous to implement because the modules utilize for such systems are not proven. It is also argued that open source software is pricey to administer as it depends on continu ous changing resources and evolving patches and upgrades. Such is the case with Moodle. Problems occur with Moodle during too much(prenominal) customization which makes it unable to be integrated with student information and administrations system, used as an administration model to declare many departments and campuses at once, sophisticated capabilities for assessing and grading assignments and quizzes, and a complete proper software with navigating and learning materials (Cole and Foster, 2007). Moodle, on the surface, looks like an excellent learning system for CULC. Teachers and students can communicate with each other through this system. In addition, homework, assignments and quizzes can be set and completed online. The implementation of Moodle as a communication tool at CULC remains a critical issue. Any community needs followers without which it would be useless. Likewise, if no students alter their knowledge to the discussions, the communication module of Moodle is use less. This is exactly the case in CULC. Students are not motivated to use Moodle as a communication tool because of which forums and discussions are closed for communication by default which is a technological error in Moodle. The feature of quiz module is sometimes used to set assignments or homework which is distracting for students. An instructor sometimes sets quizzes, announces deadlines or assignments through this module which is failure of Moodle as a communication tool (Cole and Foster, 2007). Technical issues such as the quiz can be submitted for automatic marking as many times as possible even after the limits imposed by the instructor remains problem for the Moodle operators as it is still to be tested for adequacy (Cole and Foster, 2007). The features of forums and group discussions are not so important features of the Moodle on which much emphasis has been given by the creators of it as instructors already have the netmail lists for the students which allows them to co mmunicate through the email (Petrus and Sanky, 2007). In addition to this, Petrus and Sanky (2007) also argue that resources, tutorials and documentation are not stored on the CULC Moodle which would not be so if placed on the campus websites. The major criticism that CULC Moodle has received is the underdevelop Moodle websites and lack of time for improving the websites to provide the students with a more customized and fully functional website. Furthermore, many students are not fully adept to use the Moodle interface and prefer face-to-face communication as kernel of learning. Although many instructors are focusing on educating the students on the usage of Moodle, it will still take time for students to become completely adaptive to the e-learning environment (Moodle, 2006 Petrus and Sanky, 2007). So, Moodle although conceptually is a great idea to be used as a communication tool, there is still room for much improvement in monetary value of interfacial and technical issues as well as the way the students and

Explain the structure of enzymes and discuss their role in metabolic Assignment

Explain the structure of enzymes and discuss their role in metabolic reactions - Assignment exemplificationHence enzymes play a significant role in catalysis of these reactions without which the kind bodies would work. The enzymes work by speeding up these vital reactions in the proboscis (Starr & McMillan, 2008, p.59). Enzymes include three different categories metabolic, digestive, and plant enzymes. The metabolic enzymes run the processes of the body, with damages and decays being repaired as well as diseases being healed. The digestive enzymes incorporate carbohydrates, proteins and fats that argon required by the body. The enzymes from fresh plants enable digestion of food in the body, helping the digestive enzymes as well. Without enzymes, human beings would not be able to breathe, digest food or even move their muscles. The role of the enzymes cannot be performed by any other element present in the body, hence its importance in the body (Page, 1997, p.30). Enzyme and Its Role Amylase For this particular study, amylase has been selected, which is an enzyme available in the human body. The amylase enables the digestion of carbohydrates in the body. The pancreas and the glands that be generally responsible for the humanity of saliva are also responsible for the production of amylases. With the inflammation of the pancreas, the amylases get released in the blood at heart the body (Amylase blood, 2012). The amylases produced in the pancreas enable conversion of polysaccharides into disaccharide maltose. It is found in its active form. This is primarily because the secretory cells are not endangered when the amylases are in their active forms. Polysaccharides are not contained in these cells (Sherwood, 2008, p.614). The amylases may be of the salivary, the gastric, and the pancreatic. Salivary amylase is produced by salivary glands. Starch are the main targets of these enzymes that are broken down into maltose, that catch up with two glucose or sugar molecules that are in a bonded form. Gastric amylase targets those particles of starch that are be and enter the stomach. The pancreatic amylase proves to be essential allowing the digestion in the body (Wargolet, 2011). The figure beside represents the structure of salivary amylase as obtained in human bodies. There are 496 residues of amino acids present in amylase along with one atomic number 20 ion, one chloride ion and 170 molecules of water. The structure reflects a multistudy form that consists of three humankinds represented as A, B, and C. The A domain consists of a structure that is in a barrel shape. There is no specific topology for domain B, while domain C consists of a structure that is shaped as a Greek-key barrel. The pancreatic amylase is represented in the figure below that consists of different cleavage patterns. If their primary sequences are considered, they are highly homologous in form. Tests have revealed that there are 15 amino acid differences between the sequences available in the structure (My Favorite Protein ?-amylase, n.d.). The structure of the amylases are quite different from the structure of hemoglobin that is a protein consisting of polypeptide subunits, quaternary in number, that are held by ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and van der Waals forces. Also, there are protoheme pigments present in these subunits. The four subunits are two ?-globin chains and two ?-globin chains (Hemoglobin, n.d.). As off the beaten track(predicate) as the secondary structure of

Summary for -Understanding The Role of Networking in Organizations Coursework

compendious for -Understanding The Role of Networking in Organizations Article- - Coursework ExampleIn relation to this, political skill is related to networking in that it is as well a goal-directed behavior and it concentrates on interpersonal relationships. (Agronoff R)It is situations whereby individuals control the impressions others form of them. Nevertheless networking has been more drive by purpose on the other hand impression management is a less cogitate action.Its the sort of relationship that exists between individuals, group and systems that relates to interdependencies Including visions, values, social contacts, ideas and joint memberships. Among other issues covered by networking include Mentoring, Measurement of networking, Job level and Organizational levelThe article is rated to be of high quality, because of the strategies that the reservoir employed while writing the article. Moreover, the author ensured that all sectors of networking are properly covered tha t is the merits and demerits of networking to the life of an individual, as well as to the organization at

Direct Vs. Indirect Taxation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

broadcast Vs. Indirect Taxation - Research Paper ExampleIn order to valuate our argument it would be important for us to know the difference between direct and indirect revenueation. Direct taxationes ar those taxes that are levied on ones income. They are calculated annually and a trusted percentage is levied on the earnings of a soulfulness. Similarly, indirect taxes or not levied on the peoples income. Instead, indirect taxes are paid on the purchase of goods and services. They are paid whenever a purchase is made. They are included in the selling price of a good and service and hence a person cannot escape indirect taxes since he is paying not only the price of the good or service, only when also the portion of a tax. Hence it is unavoidable and is paid by everyone irrespective of his earning. (McConnell)We can exercise the above definitions to classify the national income tax and national sales tax into one of the two classes of taxation. This would serve well us in determine which is more useful in terms of revenue for the government and offbeat of the society. Since we know that federal income tax is levied on peoples income and is calculated annually, we can classify it as a direct tax. This room that it is levied on the persons income. It is a progressive tax where the bass person pays a higher(prenominal) amount than a person who is earning lesser than that person. On the other hand, federal sales tax is levied on the purchase of goods and services. People pay this type of tax only when they bargain for or sell something. It is not charged on the persons income and it is a regressive tax meaning.... Hence it is unavoidable and is paid by everyone irrespective of his earning. (McConnell) We can use the above definitions to classify the federal income tax and federal sales tax into one of the two classes of taxation. This would help us in determining which is more useful in terms of revenue for the government and welfare of the society . Since we know that federal income tax is levied on peoples income and is calculated annually, we can classify it as a direct tax. This means that it is levied on the persons income. It is a progressive tax where the fat person pays a higher amount than a person who is earning lesser than that person. On the other hand, federal sales tax is levied on the purchase of goods and services. People pay this type of tax only when they buy or sell something. It is not charged on the persons income and it is a regressive tax meaning that both rich and poor pay equal amount of tax if the selling price of a good is said(prenominal) for their purchases. In other words, we can differentiate between these two types of taxes by using mathematic equation. Income tax is charged on ones income. It is a percentage of ones income. Lets infer that the prevalent income tax rate in the United States of America is 20%. The calculation of taxes for the income will be the following Income Tax = Annual In come * 0.25 Similarly, in case of an indirect tax such as federal sales tax, the calculation for the income tax will be the following Tax = Selling Price of good * Percentage of the Tax These two equations tell us that federal sales tax has nothing to do with the income of a person. It is calculated just by looking at the value of the purchase that the person is

Compare and Contrast the aims, strategies and personalities of Charles Essay

comparability and Contrast the aims, strategies and personalities of Charles Stewart Parnell and Daniel OConnell - Essay ExampleThe greatest and common mission of the two personalities was to agitate for liberation of Ireland that they finish not achieving. The two personalities used various strategies in advancing their views. Some strategies were similar while others were different. pastime are similarities and differences in terms of personalities, aims and strategies of the two Irish icons with relations to their political and social life.One of the similarities is that both(prenominal) Charles Parnell and Daniel OConnell were children of Ireland born in Ireland. Both attained university education and were reliable members of their respective societies in the rise of the rights and needs of their people. Daniel and Parnell had similar feelings about Ireland and wanted to see their country freed from British anarchy and enabled to practice self-rule. condescension being Cath olics, the family of Daniel OConnell also owned land, as did the Parnell family. Daniel OConnell entered politics in 1828 as the British Member of Parliament for County of Clare1. This happened after he spent a lot of time in activism, which was contrasted to Charles Parnell who entered politics short time after graduation. Same to Charles Parnell, Daniel OConnell used the poor peasants and farmers to agitate for the progression of his views.Charles Stewart Parnell was a remarkable Irish nationalist born on 27th June 1846 in the County of Wicklow. Parnell was the third son and seventh offspring of an Anglo-Irish father John Parnell Henry and American mother Delia Stewart Tudor. Charles Stewart Parnell gained higher education from Cambridge University. diachronic records also show that Charles Parnell attained most of his education in England. In 1875 after completing his studies, Charles secured choice into the parliament where he served as collaborate of the Irish

Should congress enact gun control laws Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Should congress enact gun affirm laws - Essay ExampleAre we able to control the drug mafia? They thrive and score a march over the law-enforcing authorities. So, it is not about drafting a good law and getting it passed. In the light of the recent tragedy of massacre of 26 people, including 20 children in the age group of 5-10 geezerhood in a Connecticut Elementary School, one of the worst mass shootings in U.S. history, getting the amount passed at the national level should be possible for the Obama administration. Good laws need noble individuals for implementation. So the spot of creating noble individuals attains top priority. The gun control measure, and the first flush of enthusiasm by the law enforcing authorities, may reduce the percentage of gun-ridden crimes and shootouts. I therefore, reiterate my support for it, for the simple reason that there is no another(prenominal) alternative. The recommendations contained in School Safety Follow Up, are theoretically well-dra fted but their practical application is bother with problems. For example, in the article it is mentioned that, The majority of the school administrators we interviewed indicated that having an ships officer in the school improved school safeguard and that expansion of such programs should be considered.(Sec.4.11) The buildings and other facilities of educational institutions are generally located in a sprawling area, and policing it effectively is impossibility. Moreover, the attacker result have the surprise element in his favor. What weapon the officer will carry? He may become the first sitting duck of the attacker who will arrive with a superior weapon as he will study the safety measures at the school first.Democratic Senator Dianne Feinstein says the bill is intended to help end the mass-shootings that have devastated countless families and terrorized communities. He is right. save he has not addressed to the root cause of the problem, as he will not be able to do anythi ng about it. Senators are aware of their limitations, so are we The

MARKETING PRINCIPLES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MARKETING PRINCIPLES - Essay Example possess for example the case of Inotada Knife Productions in Sakai-City, Japan. This firm produces extremely high quality, hand made kitchen knives, in very love volume and as such represents a behavioral segmentation. As it is the case that thither are more manufacturers of knives across the globe many of which are much cheaper it could be argued that the reasoning loafer why a company such as Inotada can stay successful is because the firm focuses on the harvest-home and not on marketing or planning.As it is the case that the company is already producing a high quality product in relatively low volumes one could argue that this strategy was already employed by the firm. As highlighted in the case, after PKD was no longer a provider to major retailers such as Brown Thomas it became the case that the primary delivery method of his product offerings was through cold calling, trade shows, and a small amount of advertising and as a force the majo rity of his orders are between 300 and 1,500 euros mainly to boutiques. However it is the case that this may exert a greater level of control of PKD over its product offerings it may not be the best(p) method for profitable growth. By ignoring a marketing and planning approach, the company ignores possible cost redeeming(a) strategies through economies of scale. Furthermore it is the case that PKD means nothing to people who have never comprehend of the brand as such it may be the case that the company should spend significant efforts at promoting the product through alternative means. Lastly it is the case that whilst PKD may be ignoring marketing and planning, many of their competitors are not. If it is the case that A Nigella Lawson branded house wares product is of similar quality and price and has a brand that is recognizable to consumers it may ultimately be the preferred choice.Question 2- This answer entrust ultimately provide

Art in Context - Tracey Emin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Art in Context - Tracey Emin - Essay ExampleShe is an expert in various art builds including needlework, sculpture, d crude(a)ing, video or installation, photography and painting as well. The uniqueness in her working that can be in any(prenominal) work come on lies in her independent nature to express with an autobiographical tone. What different workmans never prefer to expose in public, Tracey does exactly the same. Tracey and Her Unique Practice as a Contemporary Artist Tracey is the most controversial artist just because of her extreme personal and original art works. Autobiographical subject matter in her works of art is the place where she differs from other contemporaneous artists. She has confessed everything from her inmost life through sculptures, textiles, drawings, mono prints and several other expertise fields (Fortnum, R, 2007). Almost all her works herald about her autobiography. According to her this comes from a rate of flow of consciousness, undoubtedly t his is the basic source of art while creating it. Traceys practice is well known for its raw openness, immediacy and some extend sexually provocative attitude (The European Graduate School, web, N.D.). Such factors trip up the knockout a lot. She is very confessional in her attitude through the art forms. She always prefers to show a working class attitude in her works of art that provokes British class system. ... She deals with extremely young-bearing(prenominal) autobiographical subject in her art. She represents she in all her art works and that is a concrete give out of essentialism (Gale, M.B. & Gardner, V, 2004). Tracey is such an artist in the contemporary world of art who tells about the exploitation of her existence as a woman. Her art tells about the challenges of a woman affirming her female identity in her art forms. She makes the viewer feel her string existence through her art forms. Traceys form of art often outlined in terms of sexual aggression coming out of he r personal experiences. Almost of all her paintings specialise a life of sexual desire (Doyle, J, 2006). She often confesses that what she does is exactly what she thinks. This is the freedom of contemporary art. An artist is freed from any kind of boundaries. There is no obligation in the expression through art form. The basic esthetics of contemporary art form is that nothing can stop the spontaneous urge of expression in terms of art. The tradition of past, restricted sectors of rules and regulation are avoided in the concept of contemporary art form and Tracey is a perfect contemporary artist representing her own thoughts and spontaneity on canvas or radical or may in some other formats. A spirit of experimentation is the basis of contemporary art and Tracey is just the revolutionary as a contemporary artist. Modern art is born out of a considerable revision of the conventional definition of art form with the concept of something unique (Meecham, P & Sheldon J, 2000). Tracey i s doing nothing rather implementing her own thoughts through a revolutionary method. Her struggling life from the childhood makes her tell the pathetic story in a spontaneous approach through modern art. Several rejections in terms of

Fraud- Satyam Computers Limited, India Research Paper - 1

Fraud- Satyam Computers Limited, India - Research Paper ExampleFrom being the fourth largest IT Company, with high profile, the outsourcing high society has been embroiled for having the biggest scam in history. Formed in 1987 by Ramalinga Raju, the society grew and become a insurrection star in Indian outsourced computer service industry. With the rising importance of IT in the market, the company cognise an estimated compound growth rate of 6.4% by 2007. The company attracted a lot of investors and it grew significantly. Raju, the managing director, attracted up to 300 customers world-wide and 13, 120 technical associates. A year later, the company had shown a compound growth rate of 35% and earnings per share rose from $0.12 to $0.622. On the other hand, Satyams stock tripled to 300%. The company save generated a significant growth as well as increased shareholder value. In 2009, Raju, by means of a letter to the company, disclosed that he had been manipulating the accounti ng numbers of the company for several years. He except claimed that he had overstated the assets on the companys remainder sheet by $1.47 billion and to stupefy the matters worse, almost $1.04 billion cash and savings bank loans claimed by the company was not-existent3. The company had underreported all the liabilities on the balance sheet and overestimated the income for several years so as to meet the expectation of the analyst. For instance, the results showed 97% profits and 75% revenue increase.The director and the firms global head of the internal audit used miscellaneous schemes to perpetuate the fraud. Raju used his personal computer to develop several bank statements and falsified the accounts so as to expound the non-existent balance sheets. In fact, he inflated income statements by making interest claims using fake bank accounts. As the scam revealed further, it was evident that Raju had created over 6000 counterfeit salary accounts and directed the money there anyti me the company make deposits.

History and Laws of Salmon Management in the Pacific Northwest Essay Example for Free

History and Laws of chromatic Management in the Pacific Northwest Essay1. Understanding the regulatory framework for managing pinkish-orange five major environmental or regulatory laws that imp passage pinkish-orange searchery saving and Management coif of 1976. According to Conservation Library, (2010) it empowers regional weightery management councils to prepare plans for the conservation and management of each feder bothy managed seekeries in the exclusive economic zone and and so establish standard home ground conservation measures aimed at conservation anadromous fish such(prenominal)(prenominal) as pinkish-orange. It seeks to identify these habitats and delineate them so to protect habitats for all anadromous fish. The act requires that before the federal agencies that involve in any activities that might turn in inauspicious impacts on the habitats for anadromous fish, they have to consult with the National Marine angleeries Service in order to canalise ou t environmental impact sagaciousness of the project so that the NMFS gives its recommendations.Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1974 requires that the federal regulatory and social system agencies should under(a)take environmental impact assessment on fish and wildlife resources before project readying is done on any piddle related activities or before making applications for federal permits and licenses and then they must consult with state and federal fish and wildlife agencies before doing this (Conservation Library, 2010). This act ensures that environmental impact assessment is done whenever any project in peeing or that would affect life in water so that appropriate mitigation measures are put in place or the project cancelled.federal official irrigate Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 requires that any industriousness discharging its wastes into water has to acquire permit from the environmental Protection Agency. Thus the agency must check the measures pu t in place by the industry to treat its effluents before issuing any permit (Conservation Library, 2010). This act ensures that fish or any new(prenominal) financial backing organism in water is non affected by the pollutants from industries.Anadromous and Great Lakes Fisheries Conservation Act of 1965 gives the secretaries of the Interior and Commerce authority to establish terms and conditions that ensure permanent protection of estuarial areas (Conservation, 2004). According to (Resource Laws, 2010) it similarly gives him or her authority to enter into cost sharing agreements with the states and other non-federal interests in conservation, victimization and enhancement of the nations anadromous fish. This act protects and conserve estuaries where most fish bread or grow and come up since most pink-orange fish tend to live at estuaries in the oceans and any interference with such features might greatly affect the production fish since it would interfere with the fish habita t.National Environmental constitution Act of 1969. According to Digest of Federal Resource Laws of Interest to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, (2010) this law requires that federal agencies environmental impact assessment on activities that affect the quality of human environment in order to crumble the short term gains of the activity would have on the long term productivity of the environment. In doing this they have to apply an interdisciplinary approach in decision making on matters affecting the environment. Considerations on both the technical and economic impacts are also done. Since the human environment includes all the living things around him, this act protects the anadromous fish like the pink-orange fish. Any activity that has an adverse effect on water has to be analyzed in its totality and appropriate action taken before being carried out.Agencies and organizations gnarled in managing and restoring our salmonThe Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife as a state agency aims at improving the protection of the endangered salmon fish by identifying wild roaming salmon fish and move them back to water. It involves communities its programs and seeks to identify fish habitat and to construct fish hatcheries. It is also involved in removing barriers to fish migration by removing invasive plants on rivers, wetlands and estuaries restoring wetlands and estuaries and restoring and protecting fish habitat including stream habitat which is very classical to salmon fish. This agency therefore plays a major role in salmon migration, spawning and incubation of its eggs. (Resource Laws, 2010).Yuba River Fish Passage Feasibility, according to Edmondson, (2008), is an organization which was established with an aim protecting and conserving the anadromous fish in Yuba River under the Fishery Conservation and Management Act. It is contracted to conserve and manage the essential fish habitats in the Yuba River preceding(prenominal) Englebright Dam, C entral Valley spring-run Chinook and California Central Valley steelhead. It carries out studies and does analyses and evaluation on options for restoring admission fee to spawning and rearing and sustainable habitat for the anadromous fish. This would include identifying potential suitable habitats and routes for fish passage and mechanisms to buy at movements of fish upstream and downstream during their migration. This organization there focuses on how best to enable migration of the anadromous fish such salmon from the ocean to stream and from the sea to ocean.2010 10 Waters to Watch, according to Resource Laws, (2010), is an organization which seeks to conserve aquatic life through partnerships. It includes projects in Bobs Creek, Pennsylvania Diamond Lake, Iowa Fairbanks and Soda Springs, Nevada Georgetown Creek, Idaho Green River Basin, Colorado, universal time Wyoming Koktuli River, Alaska Lake Vermilion, Minnesota Mackeys Creek, Mississippi Wasilla Creek, Alaska West Bran ch and Machias River, Maine. The project seeks to improve the current conditions rivers, streams, lakes and watersheds by co-ordinating the conservation efforts in these various regions. This organization aims at improving the habit for fish including the anadromous fish which is ever migrating in various maters.The pinkish-orange River Restoration Council (SRRC), according to Harding, (2008) is an organization that was established in 1992 to protect and conserve Salmon River watershed in California by conserving its ecosystem particularly the anadromous fish such as the salmon fish. It involves the local community in its programs aimed at conservation of the ecosystem so as to achieve a sustainable economy.National Marine Fisheries Service which is a state agency was established to conserve and manage living marine resources in USA. According to Conservation Library, (2010), its function is to oversee and undertake conservation of marine ecosystem thus promoting healthy marine eco system within the United States Exclusive Economic Zone which extends to about three cardinal and seventy kilometers from the coastline. The agency is mandated to endangered marine species like wild salmon, whales and sea turtles.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is a state organization mandated to protect valuable fish and wildlife resources along the Gulf coast. It monitors activities that may have negative impacts on marine ecosystem and involves geological survey it involves deep water manning to determine impacts of certain occurrences as sanitary as mitigating the impacts of such hazards on marine life. It does impact assessment and give recommendations on the anticipated occurrence. (US Fish and Wildlife Service, 2010)The Environmental Protection Agency which established the Federal Clean Water Act aims at imperative water pollution setting standards to be met by industries and other organizations discharging effluents into water resources. It therefore protects wetlands and aquatic habitat in general throughout the USA and its waters. These provisions put by this agency aims at restoring suppuration of fish by improving the habitat for fish by fully implementing the Federal Clean Water Act. (Whatcom Salmon Recovery, 2003).Washington Department of Ecology in Washington aims at protecting and preserving Washingtons environment. This agency plays a role in the health of salmon fish by involving in plan watershed utilization, allocation of water rights and conserving the quality of water within Washington. (Department of Ecology state of Washington, n. date).The Nooksack Salmon sweetening Association, according to Whatcom Salmon Recovery, (2003) is an organization which seeks to return naturally spawning salmon to streams in Whatcom County through restoration and monitoring. They also engage in salmon production by placing woody debris habitat structures in streams. The organization strives to achieve all these through community education. The Maine At lantic Salmon Commission is the only agency that accustomed the authority and responsibility to manage the Atlantic salmon fishery in USA (Conservation Library, 2010). It has the responsibility of protecting, conserving and restoring salmon habitat in inland waters and ocean waters.SummarySalmon management and conservation is not only a concern to the government but a concern to individuals, communities, corporates and non-governmental organizations. Conservation related activities such as providing financial donations to agencies committed to conservations the salmon fish conducting research activities on salmons habitat providing education to communities living around the water resources and the general public by writing articles and books on salmon fish and conservation, protection, restoration and management activities towards the salmon fish.2. History and economics of salmonIn 1770s and below the States was mainly populated by the Indians and they depended on salmon fish, mai nly for food. Euro-Americans began coming to the Pacific Northwest in 1770s. In 1880s, Lewis recognized the salmon fish and wrote descriptive detail about it long before it was condition a taxonomic name. The migration of the Euro-Americans into the Pacific Northwest greatly influenced the natives culture and perception towards the victimization of natural resources, salmon fish include.Most of these immigrants became farmers. According to National Academies of Sciences (1996), conflicts arose between American Indian slipway and non Indian ways and therefore to resolve this, treaties were signed beginning 1854 between the Euro-Americans and the Indian tribes recognizing their land ownership, reign and rules for fishing and hunting. These treaties marked the beginning of radical changes in salmons history. There was a renewal from ownership salmon landscapes ownership to a more communal ownership which was the beginning modern ways of harvesting, marketing, engineering and conser vation. Intervention and mitigation measures were now put in place for sustainable development.These treaties have been included in the US Supreme Court and have created a solution to contemporary fishing by the Indian tribes. The Bellion decision of 1969 and Boldt Decision of 1974 enabled the signatory tribes a right to access the salmon fish (National Academies of Sciences, 1996). keep exploitation of natural resources by Euro-Americans led to the decline of the beaver which was very important for the coastal streams as well as the arid regions more importantly provided a rearing habitat for salmon fish (National Academies of Sciences, 1996).The first salmon cannery was established in 1864 along the Sacramento River in Northern California along the west coast. The cannery was shut down in 1886 and transferred along Colombia River ascribable to sediments which were caused hydraulic mining. From then, many canneries were established and the canneries grew to forty by early1990s. Mo st of these salmon fish which were harvested to be taken to the canneries were Chinook salmon.However, by 1870s, Chinook salmon catch form the rivers began to steadily decline and so they had to harvest other species of salmon fish which included, Coho, blueback salmon and Steelhead salmon (National Academies of Sciences, 1996).Due continued decline in the fish population, these canneries had to completion down and the last to close down along River Colombia was in 1975. The fish catch had significantly dropped form forty three million in 1880s to about two and a half million in 1990s. This was majorly attributed by graduate(prenominal) inland and ocean fishing, dam constructions along the rivers and modification fresh water streams such as irrigation projects which greatly affected spawning and rearing habitats for the salmon fish (National Academies of Sciences, 1996).These concerns about over fishing and salmon depletion led to the construction of salmon breeding station along Clackamas River in 1877 by the Oregon and Washington Fish elongation Company. It was later shut down in 1888 because it could not be sustained. This led to construction of hatcheries in mid-nineties and has greatly increased in numbers to date. It was noted that salmon population did not have any significant increase whenever fish were released from the hatcheries. Thus, between 1930s and 1950s many hatcheries were closed down due to their low returns and problems of diseases and instead this period witnessed an increase in the construction of dams until 1970s. The negative impacts of the dams on the upstream of rivers do most of the salmon fish to migrate to the lower streams of the river (National Academies of Sciences, 1996). In 1960s pasteurized and formulated feeds were invented and this became a solution to diseases caused by artificial propagation thus more hatcheries were built. Today hatchery facilities are widely distributed throughout the Pacific Northwest (National Ac ademies of Sciences, 1996).The effects of livestock grazing in the rangelands have also had a coarse impact on the production of salmon fish. Most of plants that are important for maintaining the wetlands have been seriously cut down and besides, many tanks and dams are constructed along the fresh water streams to provide drinking water for livestock. Overexploitation of trees by humans through lumbering has also contributed to this. The first sawmill to be constructed was in 1827 in Vancouver, Washington. This has destruct the water catchment areas for most streams.Decline in salmon population is linked to among many factors, global climatical change and other human activities. According to Stanford University (2003, September 23), there has been a decline in salmon fish catch of about 80% between 1970 and 2000. This has mainly been attributed by the global climatic change. It states that salmon fish farm production has greatly improved since the 1980s and has a high market gr ant world wide while the market share for wild-caught salmon from Alaska, British Columbia and Washington has been declining.

Employee Resourcing Essay Example for Free

Employee Resourcing EssayTheir business admission and culture is very(prenominal) different from other competitors. Examples of their different culture are no dress code, pliant working hours and spending lavishly on the recruitment process. Around 700, mostly young employees work beneath Trilogy and its Director of college recruiting Mr. Jeff Daniel expects the employees to commit their expertise and vitality to everything they do. Trilogy has an expensive and aggressive employee recruitment strategy that includes reading at the companys Trilogy University. The new employees joined will undergo an intensive preparation program at their in-house training facility known as Trilogy University. Recruiters tend to select the ambitious, everyplace achievers with entrepreneurial instincts from the campus recruitment method existence the freshers in the job market. Trilogys recruitment interviews are said to be very intense at the same time an interview day will end with lot of impale and fun activities for both recruiters and interviewers, which makes a strong bond between new comers and the managers.For Trilogy recruiting is not just a high priority its a company-wide mission. Its mission is to recruit the best of the best?. For that reason Trilogy uses very high-priced recruiting techniques The Company spent $13,000 per hire with 262 college graduates were selected from short listed 4000 candidates, and this short listing was from 15000 applications Q1. Identify some of the established recruiting techniques that be Trilogys unconventional approach to attracting talent? The company Trilogy, aggressively pursues the least experienced people in the job market.At many college campuses island wide, in career fairs and computer-science departments, looking for students who represent what Daniel c solelys whom are expected to totally commit their expertise and vitality in everything they do. In other words, he looks for young, talented over achievers w ith entrepreneurial ambition people. The top managers, including CEO of the company, conduct the first round ofinter views, letting all applicants know that it would be hard, but rewarding experience.

Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Essay Example for Free

Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Essay aetiology of Diabetes MellitusDiabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycaemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or two. The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long-term dam advance, dysfunction, and failure of dissentent organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels. (Association, National Center for Biotechnology In reachation , 2009, p. 1)The cause of persona 1 and type 2 diabetes remains a mystery. Although genetic agents may play a occasion. (Association, Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus, 2010, pp. 562-569) Diabetes mellitus generally results from an insulin deficiency or resistance. Insulin transports sugar into mobile phones for use as energy and store as glycogen which is a carbohydrate. Insulin also stimulates protein synthesis and free fatty acid storage. Insulin deficiency or resistance compromises the bodies access to essential nutrients for fuel and storage. Several processes called pathogens(capable of causing disease) atomic number 18 involved in the phylogenesis of diabetes. The reasons of the abnormalities in carbohydrates, fats, and protein metabolism in diabetes is deficient action of insulin on certain tissues in the organic structure.The term insufficient insulin action, results from not enough insulin secretion and/or diminished tissue reception to insulin at unity or more points in the complex pathways of hormone action (a chemical messenger that transports a signal from one cell to another). If insulin secretion is blocked or impaired, then defects in the insulin action slip by in the corresponding patient, and it is often unclear which abnormality, the cause of the hyperglycemia. (Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus, 1997, pp. 107-109) Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is defined as an autoimmune disorder or simply put an overactive immune response of the body against substances and tissues normally present in the body. In other words, the body actually attacks its own cells (What-is-Autoimmune-Disease). This form of diabetes is brought on by a viral infection in which certain cells atomic number 18 destroyed which returns to peremptory (complete) insulin deficiency and is vulgarly diagnosed in childhood.Many pediatric patients that have diabetes normally have Type 1 diabetes and therefore a lifetime dependency on insulin. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder caused by an absolute or relative deficiency of insulin, an anabolic hormone. (Diabetes-MellitusDefinition-Causes-Symptoms-and-Tr warement) In contrast Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a more progressive disorder in which the glandular organ in the digestive system and endocrine gland system known as the pancreas makes less insulin over time. Because the bodys cells have a trim back response to insulin, symptoms arise that incl ude poor control of liver glucose (sugar) output, a lessening in cell function, and eventually cell failure.The true cause of Type 2 diabetes is unknown however, it usually occurs in adulthood, from heredity, uppity obesity and sedentary lifestyle. These lifestyle choices may play a major role in its tuition. For both types of diabetes the main feature is chronic high blood glucose (sugar) levels (Ignatavicius, 2006). Risk factors for Diabetes Mellitus include obesity, physiologic or stirred stress, which throw out lead to an elevation of stress hormone levels.In women sometimes pregnancy, which causes charge gain and join ons levels of estrogen and placental hormones, may aggravate insulin output. There is also something called the metabolic syndrome which is a combination of medical disorders that, when occurring together, increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes. There are also some medications that can molest the effects of insulin, including thiazide diuretics, adrenal corticosteroids, and hormonal contraceptives (Mackay, 2004).Classification of Diabetes MellitusThere are several different types of diabetes mellitus they may differ in cause, clinical course, and treatment. The major classifications of diabetes are * Type 1 diabetes (insulin dependent diabetes mellitus) is caused by B-cell destruction, usually preeminent to absolute insulin deficiency a) Immune mediatedb) Idiopathic* Type 2 diabetes (previously referred to as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus) ranges from those with prevailing insulin resistance associated with relative insulin deficiency, to those with a predominantly insulin secretory defect with insulin resistance (Alberti, 2007). Insulin is secreted by beta cells, which are one of four types of cells in the islets of Langerhans (dendritic cells = antigen-presenting immune cells) in the pancreas. Insulin is an anabolic, or storage hormone. When a person chow chow a meal, insulin secretion inc reases and moves sugar from the blood into muscle, liver, and fat cells. In those cells, insulin transports and metabolizes glucose for energy.Later it stimulates storage of sugar in the liver and muscle (in the form of glycogen). Following this it signals the liver to stop the release of glucose, then enhances storage of dietetic fat in adipose which is a storage tissue. Finally it accelerates the transport of amino acids (derived from dietary protein) into the bodys cells. Insulin also inhibits the breakdown of stored glucose, protein, and fat. During fasting periods (between meals and overnight), the pancreas continuously releases a small amount of insulin (basal insulin) another pancreatic hormone called glucagon (secreted by the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans) is released when blood glucose levels decrease and stimulate the liver to release stored glucose.The insulin and the glucagon together handle a constant level of glucose in the blood by stimulating the release of glucose from the liver. Initially, the liver produces glucose through with(predicate) the breakdown of glycogen (glycogenolysis). Glycogen is the storage form for glucose in the liver and muscles. Glycogenolysis is the conversion of glycogen into glucose in the liver. After 8 to 12 hours without food, the liver forms glucose from the breakdown of non-carbohydrate substances, including amino acids (gluconeogenesis) (Hamouda, 2012).Type 1 Diabetes Treatment and try outThis form of diabetes is immune-mediated in over 90% of cases and idiopathic in less than 10%. The rate of pancreatic B cell destruction is quite variable, being rapid in some individuals and slow in others. Type 1 diabetes is usually associated with ketosis in its untreated state. It occurs at any age simply most commonly arises in children and young adults with a peak incidence before school age and again at around puberty. It is a katabolic disorder in which circulating insulin is virtually absent, blood plasm a glucagon is elevated, and the pancreatic B cells fail to respond to all insulinogenic stimuli. Exogenous insulin is therefore required to reverse the catabolic state, prevent ketosis, reduce the hyperglucagonemia, and reduce blood glucose. Clinical manifestations of all types of diabetes include the three Ps polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia.Polyuria (increased urination) and polydipsia (increased thirst) occur as a result of the excess loss of fluid associated with osmotic diuresis. The patient also experiences polyphagia (increased appetite) resulting from the catabolic state induced by insulin deficiency and the breakdown of proteins and fats. Other symptoms include fatigue and weakness, sudden spate changes, tingling or numbness in hands or feet, dry skin, skin lesions or wounds that are slow to heal, and recurrent infections (Hamouda, 2012, p. para. 8). The onset of type 1 Diabetes may also be associated with sudden weight loss or nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pains. (As sociation, Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus, 2010)In recent years, there has been increase interest in the impact of diabetes mellitus on the central nervous system (Lukovits TG, 1999).Clinically and epidemiologically, it has been shown that diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor for cerebrovascular accidents (Kannel WB, 1979), and may underlie many of the neuropsychological and cognitive deficits observed in diabetic patients (CM, 1988). a couple of(prenominal) studies have sought to establish the pathophysiological mechanisms that occur before these deficits appear, with a view to detecting early subclinical abnormalities that could serve as markers of the risk for stroke in patients who might benefit from preventive treatment.The study I read was performed in 15 insulin-dependent diabetics (eight men and seven women) with no history of central neurological symptoms. Their ages ranged from 27 to 59 years (mean 468 years) and the mean time since diagnosis o f diabetes mellitus was 196 years. The characteristics of the patients are given in the Table below. The study was been reviewed by the hospitals ethics clinical committee, and before being enrolled each patient gave written informed consent.Characteristics of study subjectsNo. 15Gender (M/F) 8/7 time (years) 468Arterial hypertension (yes/no) 5/12Total cholesterol (mg/dl) 21449 era from diagnosis of IDDM (years) 196Hemoglobin A1C (%) 8.190.8Diabetic nephropathy (no/micro/macro albuminuria) 10/1/4Diabetic retinopathy (yes/no) 7/8Diabetic neuropathy (yes/no) 7/8IDDM, Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitusThe study dealt with the cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) which is the capacity of noetic arteries and arterioles to dilate, thus increasing blood flow in areas of decreased perfusion twinge (WJ, 1991). It is one of the first mechanisms of the brain to be activated in cases of hemodynamic compromise and is an early indicator of its instauration (Baron JC, 1981). The chemical Acetazolamid e, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, induces dilatation of the cerebral microvasculature and has been widely used in assessing CVR in full-size series of patients with different cerebrovascular disorders. (Julio F. Jimnez-Bonilla, 2001). The study reason that Insulin-dependent diabetic patients with no clinical history of neurological disorders present baseline abnormalities in cerebral perfusion and a decrease in CVR in extensive areas of the brain.The decrease in CVR and the behavior of baseline subclinical abnormalities after administration of acetazolamide suggested the existence of chronic cerebrovascular disease, the ghastliness of which varied between patients and was better assessed with this technique than with baseline SPET (PET scan). In addition, the introduction of acetazolamide made it possible to severalize baseline irregularities as being of probable metabolic origin or of probable ischemic origin. They concluded that the post-acetazolamide brain SPET is a valid too l which, in comparison with baseline SPET, provided additional information on cerebral perfusion in insulin-dependent diabetes. The technique should prove useful in evaluating future preventive strategies aimed at reduce the incidence of complications in diabetics. (Julio F. Jimnez-Bonilla, 2001)The main goal of diabetes treatment is to normalize insulin activity and blood glucose levels to reduce the development of vascular and neuropathic complications. Insulin is indicated for type 1 diabetes as well as for type 2 diabetic patients with insulin openia whose hyperglycemia does not respond to diet therapy either alone or combined with other hypoglycemic drugs. The sanative goal for diabetes management is to achieve normal blood glucose levels (euglycemia) without hypoglycemia and without seriously disrupting the patients usual lifestyle and activity. There are five components of diabetes management Nutritional management teaching the patient to eat properly and manage their diet accordingly. Exercise Monitoring Use of a glucose meter and watching their numbers. pharmacological therapy medicines that help level off sugars in their system. Education finding out all the information they can about the disease so they will be informed as to the preventative measures taken to lead a more normal life.BibliographyReport of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. (1997). Diabetes Care, 201183-97. CITATIONS AND CLINICIANS NOTES ETIOLOGY, PREDICTION, AND INCIDENCE OF DIABETES. (2005). Current Medical Literature Diabetes, 22(2), 32-33. Alberti, K. M. (2007). International Diabetes Federation a consensus on Type 2 diabetes prevention. Diabetic medicinal drug, 24(5), 451-463. doi10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02157.x. Association, A. D. (2009, January). National Center for Biotechnology Information . Retrieved from PMC US National Library of Medicine http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2613584/ Association, A. D. (2010, J anuary). Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care, pp. 562-569. Baron JC, B. M. (1981). Reversal of focal misery-perfusion syndrome by extra-intracranial arterial bypass in hemodynamic cerebral ischemia. A case study. Stroke, 12 454-459. CM, R. (1988). Neurobehavioral complications of type I diabetes. Examination of possible risk factors. Diabetes Care, 11 499-505. Diabetes-MellitusDefinition-Causes-Symptoms-and-Treatment. (n.d.). Retrieved 12 15, 2012, from www.healthguidance.org http//www.healthguidance.org/entry/7366/1/Diabetes-MellitusDefinition-Causes-Symptoms-and-Treatment.html Hamouda, M. (2012, May 24).

Statue of Liberty Essay Example for Free

Statue of Liberty EssayA universal attribute of democracy and freedom, The Statue of Liberty, is a gift of companionship from the France people to the United States people. The Statue of Liberty instructive the globe was devoted on 28th October, 1886. In 1924, The Statue of Liberty was designated and selected as a matter Monument. The meat of The Statue of Liberty is Liberty Enlightening the foundation and is an enormous neoclassical monument in New York lactate on Liberty Island. It was designed by the Frederic Bartholdi and it is a figure of female. The female represents the Roman Goddess of Freedom, Libertas, who puts up with a tablet inducing the law (tabula ansata) and a torch. When you look at it, I can feel it tells me a lots of things Liberty, freedom, power to take on the world. And win.On the tabula ansata, 4th July, 1776, the American Declaration of Independence involvement is emblazoned. At the feet of the Statue of Liberty lies a broken chain. The Statue of L iberty is a convivial signal to the immigrants that are arriving from overseas and it is an icon of the United States and its freedom. The height of the Statue of Liberty is 151ft that is 46.5 meters and along with the pedestal the statue reaches a height of 305 ft that is 93 meters . Inside the statue there are 354 stairs that end at the crown from where a nice get of the New York is available (WHC, 2013). The Statue of Liberty Ellis Island Foundation (SOLEIF) founded by the President Ronald Reagan in 1982. This was done to start a classified division attempt to lift resources for the re-establishment and safeguarding of the Ellis Island and Statue of Liberty.The Foundation initi onlyy began the renovation of the Statue of Liberty along with the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. This was done because the statue needs refurbishment due to a century of sightseeing and suffer pollution. On 4th July, 1986, a three day event was celebrated on the restoration of the statue. This pass was also named as the Liberty Weekend by the President Francois and President Reagan (NPS, 2013). The Statue of Liberty is an icon and symbol of international friendship, companionship and alliance of the United States and France. It describes the liberty and freedom of the people of United States. The Statue of Liberty is an type of warm welcome to the people coming from overseas and abroad. To me Lady Liberty was meant to stand for the opportunity afforded to all who either came here or were born here. All that was required was the willingness to work,strive,and dream of a better day.ReferencesNPS (2013) narration of the Statue of Liberty. The Statue of Liberty-Ellis Island Foundation, Inc., retrieved from http//statueofliberty.org/Statue_History.html NPS (2013) History of the Statue of Liberty. The Statue of Liberty-Ellis Island Foundation, Inc., retrieved from http//statueofliberty.org/Foundation.html NPS (2013) Statue of Liberty National Monument New Yo rk. National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior, retrieved from http//www.nps.gov/stli/index.htm WHC (2013) Statue of Liberty. UNESCO World Heritage Centre, retrieved from http//whc.unesco.org/en/list/307

Discussion of Literature Set in Dystopian Societies Essay Example for Free

Discussion of Literature Set in Dystopian Societies EssayThis paper takes a look at collar renowned dystopian authors George Orwell, Anthony burgess and Aldous Huxley and comp atomic number 18s the dystopian societies that atomic number 18 described in their respective novels 1984, A Clockwork orange tree and Brave in the raw World. The slipway in which the rights and freedoms of the citizens in each of their novels are suppressed and controlled is described with sidetrackicular reference to the use of propaganda, language, inner relationships and fierceness.The paper will progress to consider the ways in which the protagonists attempt to rebel from their situation and quash cruel and unfair laws in order to escape the society. In discussing the ability of characters to overcome the unjust constraints of their society, it is worthy considering in some detail what a dystopian society is and how it is manifested. The concept of dystopia is inextricably related to the s entiment of Utopia, a theory that was developed origin every last(predicate)y by Plato in Republic and further explored by St doubting Thomas More in Utopia.Whereas Utopia is envisaged as a perfect society where subjects live peace to the full side-by-side, dystopia is the antithesis of this dystopia was invented to denote a bad place. Utopia expresses desire, dystopia fear (Aldridge, 53). Quite often a dystopian society is unrivaled that is believed to devote create as a direct result of unsavory actions that were taken in order to achieve a utopian society the methods used to solve problems and tramp control lead to undesirable outcomes. In publications a dystopian society often has a number of distinct characteristics.One of which is the manipulation of one group of heap by another. A Clockwork Orange, 1984 and Brave unsanded World (BNW) are all examples of novels that usher such a society. In all three novels a minority group of people subscribe to acquired the power to control the citizens and they utilize this to command and dictate e precise element of their subjects lives. cordial oppression is in evidence in all three novels and the characters are narrowed in their thoughts and expressions. In two 1984 and A Clockwork Orange, the dystopian society is re pictureed by violent and disturbing images.Fear and dislike is utilized as a heart and soul of controlling the population and, as described by OBrien in 1984, a strong correlation is miscellaneaed between mental and physical being, We control subject field because we control the mind. Reality is inside the skull (Orwell, 331). The prime emotion that is upholdd in the population is that of fear and the bane of brutality and torture the protagonists face entail that they are able to suspend even their own thoughts in order to evade punishment.Winston permits himself to think only of those subjects and issues that he has permission to think of, whereas Alex specifically avoids thoughts of violence in order to eliminate the chance he will become violently ill as a result of the side effects of the Ludivico he follow throughd at the governments hands. In some(prenominal) cases the protagonists are no longer able to freely express themselves, their fear psychologically controls them and their entire mental thought processes altered as a direct result of this.Whilst A Brave New World, similarly describes a society where peoples thought processes and actions are controlled, this control is achieved in a very different way through medicines and end up. Immediately form birth, the citizens are physically, chemically and psychologically encouraged to be happy and content. Where, in 1984 and A Clockwork Orange, the characters are punished for rebelling against the constraints of the society in which they are placed, in A Brave New World the people are provided with rewards for following the doctrines of their leaders.In this novel the subjects are condition from an early age to accept the hold dears of the ten world leaders and they are indoctrinated to a value system that is based on superficial pleasures. The leaders consequently control their society by limit their aspirations and desires the people accept simple things and are thus unlikely to rebel against their leaders. In all three novels, the ways in which the dystopian society is controlled is physically and visually represented by the use of propaganda. In 1984 the government literature, videos and advertisements are aimed at enforcing the state of fear that they have created.Reality is purposely altered in order to inspire feelings in the nation, feelings that lavatory ultimately be used by the government to assert control and thwart rebellion. Clearly the propaganda utilized in 1984 is very effective and stirs strong emotions in Winston and the people in his social group and he describes the effects as they watch a film and experience, a desire to kill, to smash faces in with a sledgehammer seemed to flow through the whole group of people, (Orwell, 16). In A Clockwork Orange propaganda is also of immense signifi arseholece and is utilized to control the feelings and emotions of the subjects.In this novel, two important forms of propaganda exist. The Ludivico Technique represents an outright propaganda, where the subject takes drugs and observes negative images in order to form associations with such images. In Alexs case watching the repetition of violent images causes him to feel physical pain at the thought of violence and thus the propaganda serves to stem his aggression. Mass media is also utilized, as in 1984, and subliminal messages are utilized to encourage the populace to obey the state.Propaganda is observed in the posters in Alexs home and the effectiveness of this is evidenced by impact that the images have upon him both prior to, and post, his Ludivico treatment at the states hands. Prior to his experience he seems unable to associate with t he graffiti ridden images in the poster and he cannot recognize the significance of the visuals. However, afterward his treatment the poster appears clean and renewed and is able to fully recognize their message. A Brave New World also features the use of propaganda as a means of controlling the emotions and free will of the citizens.Fordisms are used to assert the supremacy of their leader and the inhabitants of society are fed subliminal messages as they sleep. They have no free will and thus become dehumanized. A further means by which the dystopian society engendered and controlled within the three novels in through the encouragement, or discouragement, of social fundamental interaction. In 1984 the subjects of society are sexually repressed and sex is permitted for procreation purposes only, to beget children for the service of the Party (Orwell, 69).Sex is no longer associated as being pleasurable and natural but instead becomes an unemotional procedure. In A Clockwork Orang e Alex is unable to accommodate thoughts of sexual pleasure as his treatment entails that he now associates this with violence and thus experiences pain at the thought of partaking in a sexual act. His inability to take as a normal man transpose him into the clockwork orange (Burgess, 96), he is a machine in exposed of experiencing and fulfilling his natural urges.In both 1984 and A Clockwork Orange the mechanical, unemotional feelings attributed to sex and lust serve to dehumanize the characters and thus prevent them from feelings and emotions that could place the rule of the governments at risk. In Brave New World the government openly encourages sex as it is recognized as a means by which sexual desire can beat and eliminate all other emotions. In this novel babies are artificially created in laboratories and sex thence serves the purpose of pleasure alone.Family units cannot be formed as babies are without parents and thus the subjects do not form bonds and have become promis cuous. Although the use of sex as a control mechanism is different, like 1984 and A Clockwork Orange the intention is the same, to remove emotions from the subjects. A crucial characteristic of the regimes in place within the dystopian societies concerns language and communication. Language, as a means of communicating and forming relationships with others in society, is suppressed and with it is the extent of human interaction.The limit on language in all three books serves to limit free thought. In 1984 Newspeak is utilized as a means of brainwashing members of society and forcing them to think in a predetermined manner. In both Brave New World and 1984 the governments intention to return the vocabulary reflects their plans to further diminish the thoughts of their public without the words to communicate they are unable the commit thought crime, In the end we shall concur thought crime literally impossible () thither will be no words in which to express it.(Orwell, 200-201). In A Clockwork Orange Alexs use of language acts as a means by which he can rebel from society. Nadsat allows him to communicate with the members of his gang and thus achieve the human interaction that the government attempts to suppress. In addition to this it serves as a means by which the unwelcome behaviors exhibited by Alex can be separated from the rest of the society, who, as with 1984, do not have a vocabulary capable of expressing such words.A further commonality between all three novels is that of rebellion, with the principal(prenominal) characters in all three books actively rebelling against the system into which they have been indoctrinated. Winston, Alex and John all begin to question the merits of their society and, in all three cases they utilize a past reference as a means against which they can assess their current situation. For Winston this is his diary (which allows him to record the past and thitherfore have a term of reference), for Alex it is his come across with Pete and for John it is Shakespeares Othello that acts as a significant prompt.Winstons rebellion is manifested in three main ways. He commits the crime of keeping a diary, he partakes in a sexual affair and he joins a brotherhood. His actions reveal that he has realized the ills of the society and is trying to actively prevent himself from being fully indoctrinated. However, his efforts are not entirely successful. Through his capture and punishment in room 101 he is ultimately forced to love Big Brother and he rejoins the society as a fully integrated member. John too is not entirely successful in his rebellion against the repressive society in which he has been born.He attempts to rebel by refusing to partake in sexual contact, discourages the use of the drug soma and eventually causes a riot. The violence his actions engender causes a frenzied orgy which he himself takes part in. Such an orgy is a manifestation of the very society against which he is trying to rebel and he takes the only action that he feels remains, he kills himself. Finally, in the case of Alex, the effects of his treatment entail that he is forever changed and his attempts at violent behavior and rebellion are put to an immediate halt.However, unlike Winston, there are indications at the end of the novel that he is beginning to free himself and his ability to think and behave as an individual is being renewed. His reaction to the appearance of his friend Pete alert Alex to the changes he needs to make headway in his own life. However, his use of the Nadsat when speaking of his hope for the future, Tomorrow is all like sweet flowers and the turning vonny earth and the stars and the old Luna up there (Burgess 191), indicates that he is beginning to break from his control.Whilst rebellion against doctrine is present in all three of these novels, so is the reality that the rebellion has failed. In every case there is no real evidence that the dystopian society has been changed as a r esult of the protagonists actions and the characters appear to have been largely isolated in their ability to recognize the ill merits of the way in which they are being ruled. The efforts to overcome the cruel society are short-lived and the message portrayed is that members of a society cannot overturn their conditions alone to truly escape the unfair laws citizens need to act as a collective whole.Works Referenced Aldridge, Alan. Consumption (Key Concepts). University Park, PA Polity, 2003. Burgess, Anthony. A Clockwork Orange. New York W. W. Norton Company, 1986. More, Thomas. Utopia (Penguin Classics). London Penguin Classics, 2003. Orwell, George. Nineteen Eighty-Four. New York Plume, 2003. Plato. Plato The Republic (Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought). New York Cambridge University Press, 2000.

A research on lyndon johnson and the great society Essay Example for Free

A research on lyndon johnson and the swell fiat EssayLyndon Baines Johnson, also known as the LBJ, had a vision of a enormous golf club for his fellow citizens that direct him to become the 36th electric chair of United pass ons of America. The humble beginnings of Lyndon were non to be regarded as copious of luxuries and paradise travels as he snarl the anguish of the poor and socially disadvantaged people and saw the pinch of rural meagreness. Before he slided into presidentship, earning m onenessy for the family constituted his y issueh that made him surged deeped into compassion for the impoverished people and pursuit for a great society. The main theme of the origins of the legendary LBJ was the rise from social and scotch ills and finding ways to instigate flip-flop in the mainstream society of America where he was actually isolated from. According to LBJ, When I was preteen, poverty was so common we did not know it had a name. Though he was socially accusto med to compute of that he would have to deal with poverty and isolation from refinement, Lyndon came to a legitimateization that he was special- a young man destined for exceptional things.Eager to fulfill his destiny and inspired to solve poverty, Lyndon struggled to have a decent yet competitive education with the support of his humble pa bloods, Sam Ealy Johnson Jr. , a granger and politico, and Rebekah Baines Johnson, a journalist. Solving poverty might be the factor that fueled his political dreams, that it was his stimulate who greatly influenced him in his political actions. His father was a man of ambition and integrity as a legislator serving two terms in 1904.His father was regarded as the agrarian open-hearted or populist who would not allow himself to be bought by lobbyists who dominated the proceedings. Rebekah Bainess line of descent as a journalist had equipped Lyndon with a deep sense of inherited superiority. The parents were astonished in Lyndons youth tha t was full of revelations and inklings about his future in the field of politics. As a gifted child and em billeted by the praises and encouragement from his family, Lyndon went to local everyday schools, graduating from high school in 11924. subsequently his graduation, Lyndon spent terce uyears locomotion around and applying for odd jobs before finally landing at the south-centralwest Texas earth Teachers College that later became the Texas State University-San Marcos. It was in his college days that he gave out concern, friendship, and benevolent support. Lyndon said, Some men want power precisely to strut around the world and to hear the tune of the Hail to the Chief while others want it only when to build prestige, to collect antiques and to buy prertty things-well, I wanted power to give things to people, all sorts of things to all sorts of people, peculiarly the poor and the blacks. Known as the embodiment of the great Texan spirit of self-denial, conservation, and service, Lydon became a popular intention at the university not in terms of academic performance. This event led to a race milestone for Lyndon. Lyndons career before the presidency was in education. He started as a teacher at the Welhausen simple-minded School where he showed the children a sense of importance most of them had never known before. He move to the Sam Houston High School before landing up a job in the social intercourse as a secretary to a US congressman from the Fourteenth District in Texas in 1931.In this, Lyndon became more than than(prenominal) empowered to pursue his ambition. He became the Director of internal Youth Administration that greatly addressed the concern of Roosevelts new-fangled Deal to save a generation of young people from ignorance, unemployment, and changeless hardship. Undaunted by the economic depression, he was elected to offer of Representatives and campaigned successfully on a New Deal platform with the serve of his wife Clau dia Taylor. He joined the Navy for a brief limit as lieutenant commander and won a Silver Star in the atomic number 16 Pacific.After serving six terms in the House, he was elected to the senate in 1948. In the 1960, Lyndon became John F. Kennedys path mate and sworn in as Vice President. Kennedy was assassinated on November 22, 1963, Lyndon sworn in as the President of the United States. A. Foreign and Domestic Policies Several politicians and critics of the LBJ presidency were at one in stating that the tribunal, joinedly with its contrasted and house servant policies, had its peaks and valleys.During the maiden year of the LBJ administration, the president saw many impressions bestowed upon him as he entirely devoted much trial and time on vital domestic matters, both the tax lessened and the obliging rights law. Impressions at this time said that the president might not be interested in unknown policies because of LBJs adept focus on the real needs of Americans. LBJ w as like a domestic politician who could not care less about external affairs. He said, Foreigners are not like the phratry Im used to. After establishing a new civil rights mensuration and tax cuts, LBJ urged the nation to unite as one in creating a Great parliamentary procedure, a place where men are more concern with the quality of their goals and than the quantity of their goods. The domestic policies of LBJ were concentrated on issues such as civil rights, social welfare, anti-poverty programs, and labor. The LBJ administration made a great deal about education, Medicare, urban renewal, conservation of the environment, health, suffrage rights, saveion of law-breaking and delinquency and an amendment to the hearty Security guess.The LBJ presidency also made explorations of space with three astronauts successfully orbiting the slug in December 1968. The administration also sought to fight the inevitable crisis from Vietnam that forced the president to cut down budget cuts on domestic policies so that he would be able to push through with the foreign and defense policies. The LBJ policies pointing to Asia, Europe, Middle East, and Latin America were bound up with the fightfare in Vietnam. Despite his efforts to jibe the Communist state of war and reach an agreement, the war continued.Heated debate arose with the presidents decision to limit the bombing in conglutination Vietnam in order to instigate negotiations. There are critics who said that the great foreign polity failure of the administration was its treatment to Vietnam. Following his firm military position on Communist Aggression, LBJ was convinced to gove Vietnam expressage help. He said that he would not permit the independent nations of the East to be swallowed up by the Communist conquest, but it would not mean sending American boys 9 or 10,000 miles away from alkali to do what Asian boys ought to be doing for themselves. To show firmness and decisiveness, LBJ ordered only ret aliatory attacks to the aggressive North Vietnam and launched Rolling Thunder, a sustained bombing campaign to Vietnam. According to LBJ, the key to peacemaking was to arrange a settlement that both preserved South Vietnam as an independent state for the foreseeable future and the fast possible American exit from a war the country by 1968 no longer wished to fight. much(prenominal) assumption suggested that LBJ was torn between an honorable exit and his desire to not to be the first president to lose a foreign war. B. The Decision Not to Run for Re-ElectionWhen LBJ commanded to limit the bombing of Vietnam, he mated such action with a decision to withdraw from the re-election so that he might find round time for the quest for peace with no interruptions coming from politics. LBJ came to realization that he would not allow the presidency to be involved in any partisan movements which had infiltrated the United States since the advent of the Vietnam war. His policy of military es calation and the US participation in the war had overshadowed his popular standing and he was not able to establish real concessions for the peacemaking process.After his decision, the Vietnam aggression dragged on. By withdrawing from the re-election, the administration found it difficult to act decisively, LBJs decision not to moderate in the reelection was the outcome of his discernment in which he had to go through with his failing political instincts. prior to his announcement, LBJ had to endure the criticisms which came with the rapid engagement of the US in the Vietnam war, racial tenseness in the American commonwealth leading to widespread civil riots in the 1960s and the flaws of the Great Society movements.The flawed policies and programs of the LBJ administration led to Republican gains in the 1966 election and dwindled the hopes of Lyndon to further his participation in the sexual congress. It was in this turbulent period that antiwar outlook Senator Eugene McCart hy gained momentum to head the dump Johnson movement inwardly the parliamentary Party. The failure of his actions made it impossible for LBJ to give-up the ghost the White House without attracting hostile protesters. 1968 had been dubbed as the year everything went wrong for the LBJ administration.II. Political Climate A. The Dominance of the Democratic Party LBJ made his congressional district in Texas as his foundation in his pursuit for a national role in the Democratic Party. He was frustrated with the bureaucratic inertia and lack of base in fundraising by the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (DCCC) and Democratic National Committee (DNC). It was in this frustration that he developed a finite and negative impression of the national party committees that greatly influenced his leadership to the political party.His support to the Democratic Party saw him finding ways on how to finance hundreds of congressional particularly those who have a good of winning and sat isfying their requests. As a congressional campaign postulater for the House, his vigorous fundraising strategies to support the candidates earned him the respect and support coming from FDR and the other congressmen whom he helped to win. When FDR asked LBJ the result of the campaign, LBJ replied that the Democratic Party would not lose. He says to FDR that Were not going to lose, were going to gain. Now that the House was run by literate Democrats, what FDR had started, including the Social Security (FICA) Program would soon see radical change. During his presidency, LBJ took the Social Security Program from independent trust fund and transferred it to the General fund in order for the Congress to spend it on valuable measures such as in the enactment and foreign and defense policies pointing to the perfect(a) war in Vietnam. LBJs military escalation policy to Vietnam failed and his domestic policies on civil war and racial tension became undone which had shattered the Democrati cally-controlled House and Senate.These dark moments became the finest hour of Republicans. B. The Johnson preaching Lyndon was renowned for his arm twisting of important politicians in order to pursure legislation. He became famous for his authoritative glance and powers of persuasion, dispensing them with what became popular as the Johnson Treatment. such coinage was used to describe the domineering personality of LBJ who tend to impose physical size and initimidation in order to advance what he had to say. Lyndon once said, I do understand power, whatever else may be said about me, I know where to look for it and I know how to use. One of the key elements in Lyndons leadership and power was his use of the Johnson Treatment that was an eclecic mix of flattery, gentle pleading, logic, and threats. He was able to strategically give the Johnson Treatment in the way he gained full control of the Democratic Policy Committee, managed relations within the senate, maintained connecti ons with the Republicans and the Liberals who supported civil rights for the African Americans, solidified control under his leadership, and established a takeover when he was still a legal age leader convincing the Senate to increase public spending on housing sector.It was in this coup that the he became a master politician or the master of the Senate because of his uncover of single-mindedness, skill and attention to details. But LBJs art of persuading and use of intimidation was no match against the new nationalists such as Gamal Abdel Nasser who said, the West if the enemy, while the Soviets are kindred spirits and purveyors of weapons unobtainable elsewhere. The Johnson Treatment failed to instill a positive effect on Nasser who continually resisted American policies and denounced American imperialism in Congo. LBJ deeply shocked with the presentation of the Blueprint for the Liberation of Palestine accompanied by Nasser statement that the only way to liberation was Arab revolutionary action. The failure of the Johnson Treatment was equally defined by LBJs unsuccessful leadership to pull the United States out of the quagmire of the Vietnam war. The failure of the Johnson Treatment was viewed by the Americans as the failure of his policies toward Vietnam.The solution to the Vietnam unrest was one of the goals of the three presidents before LBJ and just like them, the LBJ sought to determine how to prevent the North Vietnamese Communists from acquiring South Vietnam that the US supported. C. The complaisant Rights Movement Reformation of the civil rights proved to be the greatest challenge to LBJs majority leadership and to his presidency later on. In the mind of LBJ, the civil rights issue was a fundamental prerequisite to strengthening the American share abroad. LBJ sought to mount a social revolution in civil rights and the extension of the welfare state. His policies on alleviating poverty and upholding rights were aiming at demonstrating tha t he was a president who could rise in a higher place politics to serve the national interest. The reform in the civil rights in the US started from a lowly demonstrations before key players, movements, leaders and organizations finally constructed a vivid change. LBJ was one of the key leaders in bringing change.The turbulent period of the 1940s and the early 1950s was attributable to the white southerners who controlled Congress and engineered the down of six civil rights bills. The white group opposed the integration with blacks and argued that individual states should have the right to manage their own affairs. They used states rights in order to make headway segregation, a system of laws that required African Americans to be disjoinedd from the whites. As such caused a significant kick back that came in the forms of protests and racial force out in the middle of the 1950s as African Americans continued to push harder for equal rights. The period was made more turbulen t with the enactment of the Jim Crow laws that reinforced segregation. The Jim Crow laws banned African American students from going to educational universes with white students and also prevented blacks from going to swimming pools, hotels and other establishments where there were whites.Jim Crow laws prohibited African Americans from voting and denied them many opportunities which were only provided for the whites. Then came Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. , who led the civil rights protests until his death by assassination in 1968. Harder strength was pushed through with the struck down of segregation in schools. As a southerner who had accustomed himself to the separation of blacks and whites thoroughout his career, LBJ seemed to be an unreliable advocate of civil rights statute. He supported civil rights but he was aware that the pushing for a strong bill would anger many Democrats in the South. As a compromise, LBJ worked out a deal with southerners to pass a weakened bill and convinced liberal western membbers to pass it in exchange for support for a dam they wanted built. The bill became the first civil rights legislation enacted by the Congress in 82 years and LBJ took all the credit for it. The Civil Rights hazard was proposed by the President John F. Kennedy in 1963 and quickly became a controversial issue.The Civil Rights Act would guarantee African Americans with freedom to vote, to go to places of public accommodation, and with equal opportunity in employment. Although the Congress did not approve of Kennedys initiative, a stronger version of the bill was eventually approved with the constant urge of Kennedys successor, LBJ. On July 2, 1964, LBJ gestural the bill into law and soon became the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that gave the federal law enforcement agencies the authority to stop and prevent racial violence and discrimination in voting, employment and in the utilization of public facilities.III. The Great Society A. Civil Rights The Gr eat Society domestic programs of LBJ were aiming at two creating social reforms for the elimination of poverty and racial discrimination. One of legacies of the Great Society programs was translating some of the needs and demands of the civil rights movement into law. During the LBJ presidency, four civil rights acts had secured their transit in Congress. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 stopped job discrimination and the segregation in the use of public facilities.The Voting Rights Act of 1965 eliminates the use of literacy requirements and other methods to keep African Americans from voting. In LBJs pursuit for the Great Society, he also gave the nation urban renewal programs, housing subsidies, tax cuts, Traffic Highway Safety Act, National Commission on Product Safety, and environment beautification programs. B. War on Poverty LBJ was determined to promote economic growth and commit the nation to a war on poverty. The war on poverty was deemed as the most ambitious and controvers ial part of the Great Society.Headed by Sargent Shriver, the war on poverty promised to purify Americans standard of life sentence. LBJ said to Shriver, You make this thing work. Appoint all the committees you want to, confer with everybody. LBJ continued, This is number one on the domestic front. Next to peace in the world, this is the most important. The unconditional war on poverty implemented by LBJ was confronted with resistance from the 88th Congress that later on granted $947. 5 million in 1964 for the antipoverty program. The centerpiece of the antipoverty program was the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 that LBJ signed on August 22, 1964 and established the potency of Economic Opportunity (OEO). The anti-poverty program include the Job Corps and Neighborhood Corps, food stamp program, rent subsidies for moderate and low-income families, a youth employment initiative, and other antipoverty efforts. The initiative lessened the poverty rate in the US from 22. 4 percent i n the late 1950s to 11. 1 percent in 1973. C. Medicare/Medicaid Medicare was included in the package that was the extension of the War on Poverty.Representative Hale Boggs said that during LBJ presidency, the Congress passed more bills than had ever been passed in all the rest of history of the country together. Included in the passed bills was a Medicare bill that aim to provide health care for the nations elderly and health benefits for the poor The Great Society effort federally financed the training for doctors and nurses, establishment of mental heath centers and health facilities focusing on heart problems, pubic louse and stroke. The Social Security Act of 1965 was passed by Congress to render federal sustenance for the medical be of the elderly.This legislation was opposed by the American Medical Association but overcame such opposition to the supposition of socialized medicine or public health care and connecting payments with the private health insurance companies. eudaimonia recipients regardless of age obtained health benefits by the Medicaid program established on July 30, 1965 under Title nineteen of the Social Security Act. D. commandment LBJ said that he no longer can afford cabin class education for children who know that they have the right to be first-class citizens. In fulfilling this aim, the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 was signed into law on April 1965. The legislation federally funded public schools to help them obtain educational materials and start special education programs to institutions with large number of low-income children. It pursued Head Start, a program initially worked on by the OEO. The Head Start program provided comprehensive aid to the field of education, health care, and parent involvement initiatives to low-income children and families.Other programs of LBJ included school breakfast programs, Teacher Corps Act of 1965, Adult Education Act of 1968, and the Educational Opportunity Act of 1968 . E. Arts One of the significant contributions of the Great Society effort was the advance of the arts and humanities. LBJ said, The happy relationship between the arts and politics which has characterized our long history I think reached culmination tonight. LBJ was successful in formalizing federal aid for public radio and television stations, arts institution and higher education.LBJ signed the National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities into law that later on established both the National Endowment for the Arts and National Endowment for the Humanities as separate agencies. He also gave attention on the need for the noncommercial education television in society that paved the way for the enactment of the domain Broadcasting Act of 1967. The law led to the creation of the Public Broadcasting Service and the National Public Radio. National centers and arts facilities also received federal funding during the presidency of LBJ. IV. The Success of LBJ AdministrationLBJs presid ency is greatly remembered for the Great Society programs that aimed to improve the quality of living of Americans. The domestic policies enacted by the Congress during the time of LBJ played significant roles in the lives of Americans who were caught up with the loss of Kennedy, violence and economic ills. LBJ gave light to his people by promising them better and healthy living. One of main goals of the Great Society was to eliminate poverty. LBJ showed determination in reaching the promised land of Great Society by urging Americans to rebuild their cities, eliminate urban decay, and attain a renewed sense of community.In order to help his people, LBJ established a list of laws which promoted racial equality, qquaality education, healthcare, and lowered poverty rate. Many of LBJs programs made great strides in improving the lives of ordinary Americans. Some of the laws created impact on the political direction of the nation. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 gave voice to African Amer icans while the Civil Rights Act of 1964 freed African Americans from violence, racial prejudice and social inequality. The result of the war on poverty was promising enough as the poverty rate of the nation dwindled from 22. 4 percent in the late 1950s to 11.1 percent in 1973. Antipoverty programs of LBJ created millions of jobs, increase in salary and advantage and in business profits, and decrease in unemployment rate. Promising results were also seen in the field of education and healthcare as federal funding continued to help citizens exploit what the administration had to offer. Medicare and Medicaid were made to render medical insurance for the elderly and to the poor people. Funding for heathcare benefits continued while the availability of Medicare and Medicaid widened. Support for the arts and finale was also evident. V. The Failure of LBJ AdministrationUnfortunately, LBJ had promised the impoverished much more than he could deliver. There were many citizens whocame to view that the administration had just an overly optimistic prediction that did not come true. Resulting from disappointment were black power and violence in the streets which showed the anguish of the nation. African Americans started to lose faith in LBJ and began to demand immediate change. The backlash of LBJs antisegregation efforts began to incite arguments within the southerners while the American people urged the government not to gift black rioters with federal programs.The anger over the desegragation policy of LBJ weakened the Democratic Party and LBJs base of power. LBJs foreign policy dilemmas ablaze antiwar protests along with civil unrest. Demonstrations concerning the involvement of the United States in Vietnam began to undercut LBJs presidency. The people complained that the involvement of the nation in the Vietnam war took money and attention away from the needed domestic programs. The people accused Lbj of turning the Vietnam war into national obsession making his War on Poverty nothing more like a skirmish.The presidency of LBJ was equally defined by his Great Society programs and the nations entanglement in the Vietnam war. Problems in the foreign policies of Lbj started from the cold war between the US and the Soviet Union. The conflict was that the Soviet Union and Korea were supporting the commkunist forces in northern Vietnam while the United States was in support of the South Vietnam government. Despite complaints, LBJ pushed through with the Vietnam War fearing that losing South Vietnam would wreak havoc on his political career. VI. ConclusionThe administration of LBJ was defined by the successes and failures of foreign and domestic policies. During his stay at the White House, he pursued Kennedys civil rights bill and tax cuts. He promised to promote better living for the Americans though his Great Society programs. But as he was doing well in putting America in the promised land of a Great Society, Vietnma War was intensifying. Later on, antiwar protests and civil violence gained momentum as American casualties increased in Vietnam. It was evident that LBJ could care less about hear his people and his presidency was all about between him, his instincts, and his advisers.The failure of his foreign policy in the Vietnam war became the measurement of his entire political career. The dilemma was that LBJ considered the Vietnam War as an inherited course instead of treating it as his job as an influential leader. It could be observed that LBJ was an indecisive leader with no firm stance on foreign policies. To make matter worst, the indecisive president was surrounded with political advisers who were not united and binded with the same aim. It was in the topic of Vietnam War that he was not able to fully utilize his Johnson Treatment to the advantage of American people.Even though the issue in Vietnam War dominated the entire career of LBJ, it was good to know that his Great Society programs were successful. Such programs were only overshadowed by the riots and violence and the publics demand for more than what LBJ could give. The Vietnam War was just one of the flaws of the Great Society programs since the domestic policies were connected with the foreign ones. The Great Society programs produced favorable results while their negative impact to the world came from the opposition that was not supportive of LBJs presidency.BIBLIOGRAPHY Brands, H. W. The Foreign Policies of Lyndon Johnson beyond Vietnam. Texas AM University Press, 1999. Dallek, Robert. Lyndon B. Johnson Portrait of a President. New York Oxford University Press, 2004. Gold, Susan Dudley. Presidents and Their Times Lyndon B. Johnson. New York Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2009. Savage, Sean J. JFK, LBJ, and the Democratic Party. New York State University of New York, 2004. Schwartz, Thomas Alan. Lyndon Johnson and Europe In the Shadow of Vietnam. Massachusetts Harvard University Press, 2003.